Volume change behavior of phosphogypsum treated clayey soils contaminated with inorganic acids – a micro level study
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1331168Abstract
Soils exhibit undesirable volume changes when exposed to high concentrations of acids, which is manifested most frequently in the beds of foundations of industrial establishments associated with their production or use. However, control of this phenomenon has received less attention than it deserves. This paper aims to investigate the mineralogical and micro-structural changes occurred during the volume change behavior of phosphogypsum treated clayey soils contaminated with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid solutions. Oedometer test results showed high swelling and low compressibility for acid contaminated soils than that of water. The change in microstructure towards flocculated fabric along with mineralogical transformations are responsible for the volume changes in soils. The mineralogical changes that affected the volume change behavior are discussed with FT-IR, XRD and SEM analysis. Phosphogypsum treatment was found to be effective in controlling volume changes in soils with phosphoric acid, whereas in the case of sulfuric acid found to be futile.
Keywords:
acid, black cotton soil, compressibility, kaolin clay, mineralogy, microstructure, swellingHow to Cite
Chavali, R. V. P., & P, H. P. R. (2018). Volume change behavior of phosphogypsum treated clayey soils contaminated with inorganic acids – a micro level study. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 26(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1331168
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Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
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References
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Ghafoori, N.; Chang, W. F. 1993. Investigation of phosphate mining waste for construction materials, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering Engineering 5(2): 249–264. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1993)5:2(249) "> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1993)5:2(249) </a>
Grant, R.; Christian, J. T.; Vanmarcke, E. H. 1974. Differential settlement of buildings, Journal of Geotechnical Division 100: 973–991.
Gratchev, I.; Towhata, I. 2011. Compressibility of natural soils subjected to long-term acidic contamination, Environmental Earth Sciences 64: 193–200. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0838-2 "> https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0838-2</a>
Gratchev, I.; Towhata, I. 2016. Compressibility of soils containing kaolinite in acidic environments, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Engineering 20(2): 623–630. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0141-6 "> https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0141-6</a>
Grim, R. E. 1953. Clay Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
IS (Indian Standard). 1970. Classification and identification of soils for general engineering purposes. Bureau of Indian Standards 1498. India, New Delhi.
IS (Indian Standard). 1980. Determination of specific gravity/section 1 fine grained soils. Bureau of Indian Standards 2720 (Part 3). India, New Delhi.
IS (Indian Standard). 1980. Determination of water content-dry density relation using light compaction. Bureau of Indian Standards 2720 (Part 7). India, New Delhi.
IS (Indian Standard). 1985. Determination of grain size analysis of soils. Bureau of Indian Standards 2720 (Part 4). India, New Delhi.
IS (Indian Standard). 1985. Determination of Liquid and Plastic Limit. Bureau of Indian Standards 2720 (Part 5). India, New Delhi.
IS (Indian Standard). 1986. Determination of consolidation properties. Bureau of Indian Standards 2720 (Part 15). India, New Delhi.
Isaev, B. N.; Tsapkova, N. N.; Badeev, S. Yu.; Balatskii, V. B. 1995. Protecting the bed soils of foundations from damaging wetting by acids, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 32: 130–134. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336274 "> https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336274</a>
Izbash, Yu. V.; Mishurova, T. V.; Bronzhaev, M. F. 1989. Correction of consequences of harmful soaking of acid base of “Khimprom” design division shop in Slavyansk, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 26: 94–97. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302816 "> https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302816</a>
James, J.; Pandian, P. K. 2014. Effect of phosphogypsum on strength of lime stabilized expansive soil, Gradevinar 66(12): 1109–1116.
Jha, A. K.; Sivapullaiah, P. V. 2014. Role of gypsum on microstructure and strength of soil, Environmental Geotechnics Geotechnics 3(2): 78–89. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.1680/envgeo.13.00084 "> https://doi.org/10.1680/envgeo.13.00084</a>
Joshi, R. C.; Pan, X.; Lohita, P. 1994. Volume change in calcareous soils due to phosphoric acid contamination, in Proceedings of 13th International Conference on SM and FE, 5–10 January 1994, New Delhi, India.
Komadel, P. 2003. Chemically modified smectites, Clay Minerals 38: 127–138. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.1180/0009855033810083 "> https://doi.org/10.1180/0009855033810083</a>
Komadel, P. 2016. Acid activated clays: Materials in continuous demand, Applied Clay Science 131: 84–99. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.05.001 "> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.05.001</a>
Kumar, S.; Dutta, R. K.; Mohanty, B. 2014. Engineering properties of bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum, Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 22(4): 35–44. <a target="_blank" href= "https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2014-0021 "> https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2014-0021</a>
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Chavali, R. V. P., & P, H. P. R. (2018). Volume change behavior of phosphogypsum treated clayey soils contaminated with inorganic acids – a micro level study. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 26(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1331168