Share:


Need for relatedness and eating behaviour in millennials

    Diana Escandon-Barbosa Affiliation
    ; Jairo Salas-Paramo Affiliation

Abstract

This research analyses the moderating effects of the need for relatedness in the relationship between behavioural intention (attitude towards the behaviour, subjective norm behaviour and perceived behavioural control) and self-reported healthy eating behaviour in millennials. A structural equation model was used in a sample of 2380 young people in Colombia and Spain (1190 for each country) considered healthy food consumers. All of them were classified as millennials based on age (25–34). The results show that attitudes towards the behaviour and subjective norm behaviour positively influence self-reported healthy eating behaviour.In contrast, perceived control behaviour does not influence self-reported healthy eating behaviour. The need for relatedness moderates the relationship between behavioural intention (attitude towards the behaviour, subjective norm behaviour and perceived behavioural control) and self-reported healthy eating behaviour. The results suggest that the isolation conditions caused by the pandemic directly affect millennials’ behaviour regarding the consumption of healthy food. This condition affects their lifestyles and preferences associated with consumption.

Keyword : attitude towards the behaviour, subjective norm behaviour, self-reported healthy eating behaviour, millennials

How to Cite
Escandon-Barbosa, D., & Salas-Paramo, J. (2024). Need for relatedness and eating behaviour in millennials. Business: Theory and Practice, 25(1), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2024.16755
Published in Issue
Feb 22, 2024
Abstract Views
309
PDF Downloads
221
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Reno, R. R. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. SAGE.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Al-Jubari, I., Hassan, A., & Liñán, F. (2019). Entrepreneurial intention among University students in Malaysia: Integrating self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(4), 1323–1342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0529-0

Álvarez Monzoncillo, J. M., & de Haro, G. (Eds.). (2017). Millennials. La generación emprendedora. Ariel.

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411

Arvola, A., Vassallo, M., Dean, M., Lampila, P., Saba, A., Lähteenmäki, L., & Shepherd, R. (2008). Predicting intentions to purchase organic food: The role of affective and moral attitudes in the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite, 50(2–3), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.010

Auwalin, I., Rumayya, Rahma Sari, F., & Maulida, S. R. (2022). Applying the pro-circular change model to restaurant and retail businesses’ preferences for circular economy: Evidence from Indonesia. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 18(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2022.2027121

Bagozzi, R. P. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: A comment. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 375–381. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800312

Bagozzi, R. P., & Lee, K. H. (2002). Multiple routes for social influence: The role of compliance, internalisation, and social identity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 65(3), 226–247. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090121

Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327

Barberis, N., Gugliandolo, M. C., Costa, S., & Cannavò, M. (2021). Healthy and binge eating behaviours: The motivational processes underlying peer pressure. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 27(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1903054

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497

Bebetsos, E., Chroni, S., & Theodorakis, Y. (2002). Physically active students’ intentions and self-efficacy towards healthy eating. Psychological Reports, 91(2), 485–495. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.2.485

Bebetsos, E., Theodorakis, Y., Laparidis, K., & Chroni, A. (2000). Reliability and validity of a self-efficacy for healthy eating scale questionnaire. Health and Sport Performance, 2(3), 191–203.

Bennett, S., Maton, K., & Kervin, L. (2008). The “digital natives” debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 775–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x

Burton, R. J. (2004). Reconceptualising the “behavioural approach” in agricultural studies: A socio-psychological perspective. Journal of Rural Studies, 20(3), 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2003.12.001

Chen, S. C., & Hung, C. W. (2016). Elucidating the factors influencing the acceptance of green products: An extension of theory of planned behavior. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 112, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.022

Chen, Y., Lee, B. F., & Lu, Y. C. (2021). Fitnesser’s intrinsic motivations of green eating: An integration of theory of planned behavior and hedonic-motivation system adoption model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 670243. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670243

Contini, C., Boncinelli, F., Marone, E., Scozzafava, G., & Ca­sini, L. (2020). Drivers of plant-based convenience foods consumption: Results of a multicomponent extension of the theory of planned behaviour. Food Quality and Preference, 84, Article 103931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103931

Dawson, J. F., & Richter, A. W. (2006). Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: Development and application of a slope difference test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 917–926. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.917

de Araujo, P. F. (2021). The applicability of self-determination theory for cross-cultural coaching: A study with assigned and self-initiated expatriates. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching & Mentoring, S15, 96–109.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of self-determination research. University Rochester Press.

Deng, Q., Zheng, Y., Lu, J., Zeng, Z., & Liu, W. (2021). What factors predict physicians’ utilisation behavior of contrast-enhanced ultrasound? Evidence from the integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Technology Acceptance Model using a structural equation modeling approach. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01540-8

Douglas, M. E., Blumenthal, H., & Guarnaccia, C. A. (2021). Theory of planned behavior and college student 24-hour dietary recalls. Journal of American College Health, 72(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.2015357

Escandon-Barbosa, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Rialp, R.-C., J., & Salas-Paramo, J. A. (2020). Identification of consumption patterns: An empirical study in millennials. Young Consumers, 22(1), 90–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-11-2018-0872

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203838020

Freund, P. A., & Freund, A. (2020). Modeling self-determination theory motivation data by using unfolding IRT. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 37(5), 388–396. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000629

Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered. Toward a developmental model. Human Development, 21(1), 34–64. https://doi.org/10.1159/000271574

Hasheminezhad, A., & Yazdanpanah, M. (2016). Determine factors that influenced students’ intention regarding consumption of organic product: Comparison theory of planned behaviour and health belief model. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(4), 817–831.

Hill, D., Conner, M., Clancy, F., Moss, R., Wilding, S., Bristow, M., & O’Connor, D. B. (2021). Stress and eating behaviours in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 16(2), 280–304. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fjqsd

Horney, K. (1946). Our inner conflicts: A constructive theory of neurosis (Vol. 17). Routledge.

Hsu, C. L., Chang, C. Y., & Yansritakul, C. (2017). Exploring purchase intention of green skincare products using the theory of planned behavior: Testing the moderating effects of country of origin and price sensitivity. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 34, 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.10.006

Hyde, M. K., Knowles, S. R., & White, K. M. (2013). Donating blood and organs: Using an extended theory of planned behavior perspective to identify similarities and differences in individual motivations to donate. Health Education Research, 28(6), 1092–1104. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyt078

Imani, B., Allahyari, M. S., Bondori, A., Surujlal, J., & Sawicka, B. (2021). Determinants of organic food purchases intention: The application of an extended theory of planned behaviour. Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society, 9(1).

Johnston, M. M., & Finney, S. J. (2010). Measuring basic needs satisfaction: Evaluating previous research and conducting new psychometric evaluations of the basic needs satisfaction in general scale. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 35(4), 280–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.04.003

Jones, D., Feigenbaum, P., & Jones, D. F. (2021). Motivation (constructs) made simpler: Adapting self-determination theory for community-based youth development programs. Journal of Youth Development, 16(1), 7–28. https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2021.1001

Kaiser, F. G., & Scheuthle, H. (2003). Two challenges to a moral extension of the theory of planned behavior: Moral norms and just world beliefs in conservationism. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(5), 1033–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00316-1

Khani Jeihooni, A., Jormand, H., Saadat, N., Hatami, M., Abdul Manaf, R., & Afzali Harsini, P. (2021). The application of the theory of planned behavior to nutritional behaviors related to cardiovascular disease among the women. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02399-3

Kushwah, S., Dhir, A., Sagar, M., & Gupta, B. (2019). Determinants of organic food consumption. A systematic literature review on motives and barriers. Appetite, 143, Article 104402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104402

Kymäläinen, T., Seisto, A., & Malila, R. (2021). Generation Z food waste, diet and consumption habits: A Finnish social design study with future consumers. Sustainability, 13(4), Article 2124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042124

Lai, I. J., Chang, L. C., Lee, C. K., & Liao, L. L. (2021). Nutrition literacy mediates the relationships between multi-level factors and college students’ healthy eating behavior: Evidence from a cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 13(10), Article 3451. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103451

Lehberger, M., Kleih, A. K., & Sparke, K. (2021). Panic buying in times of coronavirus (COVID-19): Extending the theory of planned behavior to understand the stockpiling of nonperishable food in Germany. Appetite, 161, Article 105118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105118

Liobikienė, G., Dagiliūtė, R., & Juknys, R. (2021). The determinants of renewable energy usage intentions using theory of planned behaviour approach. Renewable Energy, 170, 587–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.152

Lucarelli, C., Mazzoli, C., & Severini, S. (2020). Applying the theory of planned behavior to examine pro-environmental behavior: The moderating effect of COVID-19 beliefs. Sustainability, 12(24), Article 10556. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410556

Luo, Y., Lin, J., & Yang, Y. (2021). Students’ motivation and continued intention with online self-regulated learning: A self-determination theory perspective. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 24(6), 1379–1399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-021-01042-3

Mahdavi, T. (2021). Application of the theory of planned behavior to figure out farmers’ intention to accept water policy options using structural equation modeling. Water Supply, 21(6), 2720–2734. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.138

Maiella, R., La Malva, P., Marchetti, D., Pomarico, E., Di Crosta, A., Palumbo, R., Cetara, L., Di Domenico, A., & Verrocchio, M. C. (2020). The psychological distance and climate change: A systematic review on the mitigation and adaptation behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 568899. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568899

Massey, M., O’Cass, A., & Otahal, P. (2018). A meta-analytic study of the factors driving the purchase of organic food. Appetite, 125, 418–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.029

Moore, E., Holding, A. C., Moore, A., Levine, S. L., Powers, T. A., Zuroff, D. C., & Koestner, R. (2021). The role of goal-related autonomy: A self-determination theory analysis of perfectionism, poor goal progress, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 68(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000438

Moraes, C. H. D. C., Alvarenga, M. D. S., Moraes, J. M. M., & Cyrillo, D. C. (2021). Exploring psychosocial determinants of eating behaviour: Fruits and vegetables intake among Brazilian adolescents. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, Article 796894. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.796894

Morrison, O. (2019). Younger consumers more likely to pay higher prices for organic food and drink: Mintel. FoodNavigator Europe. https://www.Foodnavigator.Com/article/2019/10/04/younger-consumers-more-likely-to-pay-higher-prices-for-organic-food-and-drink-mintel

Nguyen-Rodriguez, S. T., Chou, C. P., Unger, J. B., & Spruijt-Metz, D. (2008). BMI as a moderator of perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescents. Eating Behaviors, 9(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.09.001

Okumus, B. (2021). A qualitative investigation of millennials’ healthy eating behavior, food choices, and restaurant selection. Food, Culture & Society, 24(4), 509–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2021.1882168

Oliver, G., & Wardle, J. (1999). Perceived effects of stress on food choice. Physiology & Behavior, 66(3), 511–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(98)00322-9

Pang, S. M., Tan, B. C., & Lau, T. C. (2021). Antecedents of consumers’ purchase intention towards organic food: Integration of theory of planned behavior and protection motivation theory. Sustainability, 13(9), Article 5218. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095218

Patz, J. A., Daszak, P., Tabor, G. M., Aguirre, A. A., Pearl, M., Epstein, J., Wolfe, N. D., Kilpatrick, A. M., Foufopoulos, J., Molyneux, D., Bradley, D. J. (2004). Unhealthy landscapes: Policy recommendations on land use change and infectious disease emergence. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(10), 1092–1098. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6877

Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.11.006

Peetz, J., & Milyavskaya, M. (2021). A self-determination theory approach to predicting daily prosocial behavior. Motivation and Emotion, 45(5), 617–630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09902-5

Pitchay, A. A., Eliz, N. M. A., Ganesan, Y., Mydin, A. A., Ratnasari, R. T., & Thaker, M. A. M. T. (2021). Self-determination theory and individuals’ intention to participate in donation crowdfunding. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2020-0424

Psouni, S., Chasandra, M., & Theodorakis, Y. (2016). Exercise and healthy eating intentions and behaviors among normal weight and overweight/obese adults. Psychology, 7(4), 598–611. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.74062

Raab, M., & Johnson, J. G. (2004). Individual differences of action orientation for risk taking in sports. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75(3), 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2004.10609164

Rana, J., & Paul, J. (2017). Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food: A review and research agenda. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 38, 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.06.004

Rana, J., & Paul, J. (2020). Health motive and the purchase of organic food: A meta‐analytic review. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 44(2), 162–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12556

Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200266002

Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63(3), 397–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00501.x

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3–33). University of Rochester Press.

Sadiq, M. A., Rajeswari, B., Ansari, L., & Kirmani, M. D. (2021). The role of food eating values and exploratory behaviour traits in predicting intention to consume organic foods: An extended planned behaviour approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, Article 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102352

Schachter, S. (1971). Emotion, obesity, and crime. Academic Press, Inc.

Shavit, Y., Roth, Y., & Teodorescu, K. (2021). Promoting healthy eating behaviors by incentivising exploration of healthy alternatives. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, Article 658793. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.658793

Sheldon, K. M., & Niemiec, C. P. (2006). It’s not just the amount that counts: Balanced need satisfaction also affects well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(2), 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.331

Sims, R., Gordon, S., Garcia, W., Clark, E., Monye, D., Callender, C., & Campbell, A. (2008). Perceived stress and eating behaviors in a community-based sample of African Americans. Eating Behaviors, 9(2), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.06.006

Sobhani, S. M. J., Jamshidi, O., & Norouzi, A. (2018). Students’ intention towards organic foods purchase: Application of the extended theory of planned behavior. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 7(1), 49–62.

Sogari, G., Pucci, T., Caputo, V., & Van Loo, E. J. (2023). The theory of planned behaviour and healthy diet: Examining the mediating effect of traditional food. Food Quality and Preference, 104, Article 104709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104709

Statista. (2016). Average daily time spent with selected social networks among selected social media users worldwide as of 2nd quarter 2016. https://www.Statista.Com/statistics/267043/daily-usage-per-social-network/

Sun, Y., Qin, B., Hu, Z., Li, H., Li, X., He, Y., & Huang, H. (2021). Predicting mask-wearing behavior intention among international students during COVID-19 based on the theory of planned behavior. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 10(4), 3633–3647. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-20-2242

Tao, Y., Duan, M., & Deng, Z. (2021). Using an extended theory of planned behaviour to explain willingness towards voluntary carbon offsetting among Chinese consumers. Ecological Economics, 185, Article 107068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107068

Verain, M. C., Bouwman, E. P., Galama, J., & Reinders, M. J. (2022). Healthy eating strategies: Individually different or context-dependent? Appetite, 168, Article 105759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105759

Wang, M., Jin, Z., Fan, S., Ju, X., & Xiao, X. (2021). Chinese residents’ preferences and consuming intentions for hotels after COVID-19 pandemic: A theory of planned behaviour approach. Anatolia, 32(1), 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1795894

Wang, O., & Scrimgeour, F. (2021). Willingness to adopt a more plant-based diet in China and New Zealand: Applying the theories of planned behaviour, meat attachment and food choice motives. Food Quality and Preference, 93, Article 104294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104294

White, R. L., Bennie, A., Vasconcellos, D., Cinelli, R., Hilland, T., Owen, K. B., & Lonsdale, C. (2021). Self-determination theory in physical education: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Teaching and Teacher Education, 99, Article 103247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103247

White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66(5), 297–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040934

Xia, Y., Chang, J. H., Miao, H. Z., & Wang, D. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: A cross-sectional study based on the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 19(3), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2021.01.013

Xiang, S., Zhang, Y., Ning, N., Wu, S., & Chen, W. (2021). How does leader empowering behavior promote employee knowledge sharing? The perspective of self-determination theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 3693. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701225

Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2016). Young consumers’ intention towards buying green products in a developing nation: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 732–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.120

Yazdanpanah, M., Forouzani, M., & Hojjati, M. (2015). Willingness of Iranian young adults to eat organic foods: Application of the Health Belief Model. Food Quality and Preference, 41, 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.11.012

Yildiz, V. A., & Kiliç, D. (2021). Motivation and motivational factors of primary school teachers from the self-determination theory perspective. Turkish Journal of Education, 10(2), 76–96. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.832203

Zhao, F., Roehrig, G., Patrick, L., Levesque-Bristol, C., & Cotner, S. (2021). Using a self-determination theory approach to understand student perceptions of inquiry-based learning. Teaching & Learning Inquiry, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.9.2.5