R&D collaboration breadth and family-firm innovation efficiency: the role of family management and generational stage
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2023.18526Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between R&D collaboration breadth and innovation efficiency within family firms. Based on the socioemotional wealth approach and recognising that family firms constitute a rather heterogeneous group, we study family firms’ differences in the way of addressing the R&D collaboration breadth-innovation efficiency link, taking into account family management and the generational stage. Using a panel dataset of 424 manufacturing family firms during the 2007–2016 period, we find significant differences across family firms in the translation of gains from R&D collaboration breadth into innovation efficiency. Specifically, our findings reveal that family firms with higher levels of family management and in first generational stage weaken the R&D collaboration breadth – innovation efficiency link.
First published online 13 February 2023
Keywords:
innovation efficiency, R&D collaboration breadth, family management, generational stage, socioemotional wealthHow to Cite
Share
License
Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Aiello, F., Cardamone, P., Mannarino, L., & Pupo, V. (2021). Does external R&D matter for family firm innovation? Evidence from the Italian manufacturing industry. Small Business Economics, 57(4), 1915–1930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00379-z> https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00379-z
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications.
Alayo, M., Iturralde, T., & Maseda, A. (2022). Innovation and internationalization in family SMEs: Analyzing the role of family involvement. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(2), 454–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0302> https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0302
Alberti, F. G., Ferrario, S., Papa, F., & Pizzurno, E. (2014). Search breadth, open innovation and family firms: Evidences in Italian mid-high tech SMEs. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 10(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2014.066710> https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2014.066710
Almirall, E., & Casadesus-Masanell, R. (2010). Open versus closed innovation: A model of discovery and divergence. Academy of Management Review, 35(1), 27–47.
Ardito, L., Messeni Petruzzelli, A., Pascucci, F., & Peruffo, E. (2019). Inter‐firm R&D collaborations and green innovation value: The role of family firms’ involvement and the moderating effects of proximity dimensions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(1), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2248> https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2248
Arzubiaga, U., Maseda, A., Uribarri, A., & Palma-Ruiz, J. M. (2019). Collaborative innovation in the family SME: Conceptualization, goals, and success factors. European Journal of Family Business, 9(2), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v9i2.5265> https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v9i2.5265
Ashwin, A. S., Krishnan, R. T., & George, R. (2015). Family firms in India: Family involvement, innovation and agency and stewardship behaviors. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(4), 869–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-015-9440-1> https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-015-9440-1
Becker, W., & Dietz, J. (2004). R&D cooperation and innovation activities of firms – Evidence for the German manufacturing industry. Research Policy, 33(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2003.07.003> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2003.07.003
Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gómez-Mejía, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355> https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355
Bigliardi, B., & Galati, F. (2018). Family firms and collaborative innovation: Present debates and future research. European Journal of Innovation Management, 21(2), 334–358. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2017-0054> https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2017-0054
Block, J. H., Miller, D., Jaskiewicz, P., & Spiegel, F. (2013). Economic and technological importance of innovations in large family and founder firms: An analysis of patent data. Family Business Review, 26(2), 180–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513477454> https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513477454
Brinkerink, J., Van Gils, A., Bammens, Y., & Carree, M. (2017). Open innovation: A literature review and recommendations for family business research. In F. W. Kellermanns & F. Hoy (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Family Business (pp. 241–266). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315688053> https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315688053
Calabrò, A., Vecchiarini, M., Gast, J., Campopiano, G., De Massis, A., & Kraus, S. (2019). Innovation in family firms: A systematic literature review and guidance for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 21(3), 317–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12192> https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12192
Casado-Belmonte, M. P., Capobianco-Uriarte, M. M., Martínez-Alonso, R., & Martínez-Romero, M. J. (2021). Delineating the path of family firm innovation: Mapping the scientific structure. Review of Managerial Science, 15(8), 2455–2499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00442-3> https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00442-3
Casillas, J. C., Moreno, A. M., & Barbero, J. L. (2010). A configurational approach of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and growth of family firms. Family Business Review, 23(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509345159> https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509345159
Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., De Massis, A., Frattini, F., & Wright, M. (2015). The ability and willingness paradox in family firm innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12207> https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12207
Classen, N., Van Gils, A., Bammens, Y., & Carree, M. (2012). Accessing resources from innovation partners: The search breadth of family SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 50(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00350.x> https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00350.x
Coad, A., & Rao, R. (2008). Innovation and firm growth in high-tech sectors: A quantile regression approach. Research Policy, 37(4), 633–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.01.003> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.01.003
Confederación Española de Organizaciones Empresariales. (2018). La industria, motor de crecimiento: análisis y recomendaciones. CEOE. https://www.ceoe.es/es/publicaciones/economia/la-industria-motor-de-crecimiento-analisis-y-recomendaciones> https://www.ceoe.es/es/publicaciones/economia/la-industria-motor-de-crecimiento-analisis-y-recomendaciones
Cruz, C., & Nordqvist, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: A generational perspective. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9265-8> https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9265-8
Cui, T., Ye, H., Teo, H. H., & Li, J. (2015). Information technology and open innovation: A strategic alignment perspective. Information and Management, 52(3), 348–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.12.005> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.12.005
Daspit, J. J., Chrisman, J. J., Ashton, T., & Evangelopoulos, N. (2021). Family firm heterogeneity: A definition, common themes, scholarly progress, and directions forward. Family Business Review, 34(3), 296–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865211008350> https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865211008350
De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Kotlar, J., Petruzzelli, A. M., & Wright, M. (2016). Innovation through tradition: Lessons from innovative family businesses and directions for future research. Academy of Management Perspectives, 30(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0017> https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0017
De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Pizzurno, E., & Cassia, L. (2015). Product innovation in family versus nonfamily firms: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12068> https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12068
Del Vecchio, P., Secundo, G., Rubino, M., Garzoni, A., & Vrontis, D. (2019). Open innovation in family firms: Empirical evidence about internal and external knowledge flows. Business Process Management Journal, 26(5), 979–997. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2019-0142> https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2019-0142
Diéguez-Soto, J., Martínez-Romero, M. J., Corten, M., & Michiels, A. (2022). The impact of the CEO’s financial literacy on family SMEs’ growth: The moderating role of generational stage. Baltic Journal of Management, 17(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-01-2021-0003> https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-01-2021-0003
Eddleston, K. A., Kellermanns, F. W., & Collier, G. (2019). Research on family firm innovation: What do family firms actually think and do? Journal of Family Business Strategy, 10(4), 100308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2019.100308> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2019.100308
Erdogan, I., Rondi, E., & De Massis, A. (2020). Managing the tradition and innovation paradox in family firms: A family imprinting perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(1), 20–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719839712> https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719839712
Faems, D., De Visser, M., Andries, P., & Van Looy, B. (2010). Technology alliance portfolios and financial performance: Value-enhancing and cost-increasing effects of open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(6), 785–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00752.x> https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00752.x
Family Firm Institute. (2018). Global data points. https://my.ffi.org/page/globaldatapoints> https://my.ffi.org/page/globaldatapoints
Fang, H., Kotlar, J., Memili, E., Chrisman, J. J., & De Massis, A. (2018). The pursuit of international opportunities in family firms: Generational differences and the role of knowledge-based resources. Global Strategy Journal, 8(1), 136–157. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1197> https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1197
Feng, Y., Zhang, H., Chiu, Y., & Chang, T.-H. (2022). The efficiency of financing and R&D in technology-based SMES and impact of financial regulation. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(5), 1439–1475. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.17309> https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.17309
Feranita, F., Kotlar, J., & De Massis, A. (2017). Collaborative innovation in family firms: Past research, current debates and agenda for future research. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 8(3), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2017.07.001> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2017.07.001
Ferreras-Méndez, J. L., Newell, S., Fernández-Mesa, A., & Alegre, J. (2015). Depth and breadth of external knowledge search and performance: The mediating role of absorptive capacity. Industrial Marketing Management, 47, 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.02.038> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.02.038
Gersick, K. E., Davis, J. A., Hampton, M. M., & Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to generation: Life cycles of the family business. Harvard Business School Press.
Gjergji, R., Lazzarotti, V., Visconti, F., & García-Marco, T. (2019). Open Innovation in family firms. A systematic literature review. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 17(3), 304–332. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-03-2019-0913> https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-03-2019-0913
Gjergji, R., Lazzarotti, V., Visconti, F., & García-Marco, T. (2020). Innovation performance and technological collaboration with business partners in family firms. Piccola Impresa / Small Business, 1, 86–111. https://doi.org/10.14596/pisb.338> https://doi.org/10.14596/pisb.338
Godlewska, M., Banasik, P., & Morawska, S. (2022). The impact of institutions on innovation networks: Empirical evidence from Poland. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(4), 1068–1088. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.16781> https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.16781
Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. L., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2007). Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106–137. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.1.106> https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.1.106
Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Makri, M., & Larraza-Kintana, M. (2010). Diversification decisions in family-controlled firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(2), 223–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00889.x> https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00889.x
Hernandez-Vivanco, A., Cruz-Cázares, C., & Bernardo, M. (2018). Openness and management systems integration: Pursuing innovation benefits. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 49, 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2018.07.001> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2018.07.001
Jiang, R. J., Tao, Q. T., & Santoro, M. D. (2010). Alliance portfolio diversity and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 31(10), 1136–1144. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.869> https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.869
Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K. A., Sarathy, R., & Murphy, F. (2012). Innovativeness in family firms: A family influence perspective. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9268-5> https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9268-5
Kotlar, J., De Massis, A., Fang, H., & Frattini, F. (2014). Strategic reference points in family firms. Small Business Economics, 43(3), 597–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9556-6> https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9556-6
Kotlar, J., De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Bianchi, M., & Fang, H. (2013). Technology acquisition in family and nonfamily firms: A longitudinal analysis of Spanish manufacturing firms. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(6), 1073–1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12046> https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12046
Kraiczy, N. D., Hack, A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2014). New product portfolio performance in family firms. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.06.005> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.06.005
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2006). Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.507> https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.507
Lazzarotti, V., & Pellegrini, L. (2015). An explorative study on family firms and open innovation breadth: do non-family managers make the difference? European Journal of International Management, 9(2), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2015.067854> https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2015.067854
Lazzarotti, V., Visconti, F., Pellegrini, L., & Gjergji, R. (2017). Are there any differences between family and non-family firms in the open innovation era? Lessons from the practice of European manufacturing companies. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 11(4), 279–319. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2017.091485> https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2017.091485
Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2013). Socioemotional wealth across the family firm life cycle: A commentary on “Family business survival and the role of boards.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1391–1397. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12072> https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12072
Li, Z., & Daspit, J. J. (2016). Understanding family firm innovation heterogeneity: A typology of family governance and socioemotional wealth intentions. Journal of Family Business Management, 6(2), 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-02-2015-0010> https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-02-2015-0010
Llach, J., & Nordqvist, M. (2010). Innovation in family and non-family businesses: A resource perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 2(3), 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2010.037119> https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2010.037119
Lyu, Y., Zhu, Y., Han, S., He, B., & Bao, L. (2020). Open innovation and innovation “Radicalness” – the moderating effect of network embeddedness. Technology in Society, 62, 101292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101292> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101292
Manzaneque, M., Diéguez-Soto, J., & Garrido-Moreno, A. (2018). Technological innovation inputs, outputs and family management: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms. Innovation: Organization & Management, 20(4), 299–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2018.1444491> https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2018.1444491
Manzaneque, M., Rojo-Ramírez, A. A., Diéguez-Soto, J., & Martínez-Romero, M. J. (2020). How negative aspiration performance gaps affect innovation efficiency. Small Business Economics, 54(1), 209–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0091-8> https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0091-8
Martínez-Alonso, R., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2020). The impact of technological innovation efficiency on firm growth: The moderating role of family involvement in management. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(1), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-09-2018-0210> https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-09-2018-0210
Martínez-Alonso, R., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2022a). Heterogeneous collaborative networks and firm performance: Do the contingent effects of family management and intellectual property rights matter? Baltic Journal of Management, 17(3), 356–374. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2021-0354> https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2021-0354
Martínez-Alonso, R., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2022b). Refining the influence of family involvement in management on firm performance: The mediating role of technological innovation efficiency. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 25(4), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/2340944420957330> https://doi.org/10.1177/2340944420957330
Martínez-Romero, M. J., Diéguez-Soto, J., & Vandekerkhof, P. (2022). Enlightening the influence of family TMT involvement on firm growth and degrowth rates. Eurasian Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-022-00220-5> https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-022-00220-5
Martínez-Romero, M. J., Rojo-Ramírez, A. A., & Casado-Belmonte, M. P. (2020). Value creation in privately held family businesses: The moderating role of socioemotional wealth. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 37(3), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1540> https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1540
Memili, E., Fang, H. C., & Welsh, D. H. B. (2015). Value creation and value appropriation in innovation process in publicly-traded family firms. Management Decision, 53(9), 1921–1952. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2014-0391> https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2014-0391
Muñoz-Bullón, F., Sánchez-Bueno, M. J., & De Massis, A. (2020). Combining internal and external R&D: The effects on innovation performance in family and nonfamily firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(5), 996–1031. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719879674> https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719879674
Muñoz-Bullón, F., Sanchez-Bueno, M. J., & Suárez-González, I. (2018). Diversification decisions among family firms: The role of family involvement and generational stage. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 21(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2017.11.001> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2017.11.001
Nieto, M. J., & Santamaría, L. (2007). The importance of diverse collaborative networks for the novelty of product innovation. Technovation, 27(6–7), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2006.10.001> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2006.10.001
Nieto, M. J., Santamaria, L., & Fernandez, Z. (2015). Understanding the innovation behavior of family firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(2), 382–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12075> https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12075
Nordqvist, M., & Zellweger, T. (2010). Transgenerational entrepreneurship: Exploring growth and performance in family firms across generations. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Pellegrini, L., & Lazzarotti, V. (2019). How governance mechanisms in family firms impact open innovation choices: A fuzzy logic approach. Creativity and Innovation Management, 28(4), 486–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12331> https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12331
Pereira, D., & Leitão, J. (2016). Absorptive capacity, coopetition and generation of product innovation: Contrasting Italian and Portuguese manufacturing firms. International Journal Technology Management, 71(1/2), 10–37. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2016.077979> https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2016.077979
Sánchez-Marín, G., Pemartín, M., & Monreal-Pérez, J. (2020). The influence of family involvement and generational stage on learning-by-exporting among family firms. Review of Managerial Science, 14(1), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00350-7> https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00350-7
Schepers, J., Voordeckers, W., Steijvers, T., & Laveren, E. (2014). The entrepreneurial orientation–performance relationship in private family firms: The moderating role of socioemotional wealth. Small Business Economics, 43(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9533-5> https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9533-5
Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2014). Family management and profitability in private family-owned firms: Introducing generational stage and the socioemotional wealth perspective. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(2), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.03.001> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.03.001
Serrano-Bedia, A. M., Palma-Ruiz, J. M., & Flores-Rivera, C. (2019). Innovation and family firms: Past and future research perspectives. In J. M. Saiz-Álvarez & J. M. Palma-Ruiz (Eds.), Handbook of research on entrepreneurial leadership and competitive strategy in family business (pp. 371–398). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8012-6.ch018> https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8012-6.ch018
Stefan, I., & Bengtsson, L. (2017). Unravelling appropriability mechanisms and openness depth effects on firm performance across stages in the innovation process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 120, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.014> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.014
Stockmans, A., Lybaert, N., & Voordeckers, W. (2010). Socioemotional wealth and earnings management in private family firms. Family Business Review, 23(3), 280–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486510374457> https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486510374457
Stuart, T. E. (2000). Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: A study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 21(8), 791–811. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200008)21:8<791::AID-SMJ121>3.0.CO;2-K"> https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200008)21:8<791::AID-SMJ121>3.0.CO;2-K
Un, C. A., & Asakawa, K. (2015). Types of R&D collaborations and process innovation: The benefit of collaborating upstream in the knowledge chain. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12229> https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12229
Van Beers, C., & Zand, F. (2014). R&D cooperation, partner diversity, and innovation performance: An empirical analysis. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(2), 292–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12096> https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12096
Veider, V., & Matzler, K. (2016). The ability and willingness of family-controlled firms to arrive at organizational ambidexterity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.10.001> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.10.001
Voordeckers, W., Van Gils, A., & Van Den Heuvel, J. (2007). Board composition in small and medium-sized family firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(1), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00204.x> https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00204.x
Zellweger, T. M. (2017). Managing the family business. Theory and practice. Edward Elgar Publishing.
View article in other formats
CrossMark check
Published
Issue
Section
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.