Landfill leachate treatment using coagulation-adsorption hybrid process: a review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/mla.2026.27122Abstract
Landfill leachate treatment is a critical environmental issue. This effluent is composed various toxins and complex chemicals including heavy metals, organic pollutants, ammonium nitrogen, and xenobiotic compounds. Due to this complexity and variation in the chemical composition, conventional treatment methods such as biological treatment and membrane separation often struggle with stabilized leachate due to its low biodegradability and refractory organic content. The combination of treatment methods such as coagulation/flocculation as pretreatment followed by adsorption has shown promising results in removing a broad range of contaminants at a much lower overall cost using natural materials. This review provides an in-depth examination of landfill leachate characteristics, conventional and innovative treatment techniques and operational parameters affecting their efficiency, with a focus on the hybrid coagulation-adsorption process which has been found in many recent studies to achieve promising results, yielding COD removal efficiencies exceeding 80% and ammoniacal nitrogen removal above 90% through a synergistic effect, significantly outperforming either of the processes alone. This review also critically evaluates the performance of commonly used coagulants and adsorbents, examines key operational factors governing hybrid process efficiency, and highlights remaining challenges for future research.
Article in English.
Sąvartynų filtrato valymas taikant hibridinį koaguliacijos ir adsorbcijos procesą: apžvalga
Santrauka
Sąvartynų filtrato valymas yra reikšminga ir sudėtinga aplinkosaugos problema. Sąvartynų filtratui būdinga kompleksinė ir kintanti cheminė sudėtis; jame gali būti sunkiųjų metalų, sunkiai biologiškai skaidomų organinių teršalų, amonio azoto, ksenobiotinių bei kitų aplinkai pavojingų junginių. Dėl mažo biologinio skaidumo ir didelės atsparių organinių junginių koncentracijos įprastiniai valymo metodai, įskaitant biologinius ir membraninius procesus, dažnai neužtikrina pakankamo stabilizuoto, ypač seno, sąvartynų filtrato išvalymo efektyvumo. Vienas perspektyvių sprendimų yra kelių technologinių procesų derinimas, kai koaguliacija ir flokuliacija taikomos kaip pirminio valymo etapas, o po jų vykdoma adsorbcija. Toks procesų derinys gali sudaryti sąlygas efektyviai šalinti skirtingų savybių teršalus, kartu mažinant bendrąsias valymo sąnaudas, ypač tais atvejais, kai adsorbcijai naudojamos natūralios, nebrangios arba šalutinės kilmės medžiagos. Šiame straipsnyje sistemiškai analizuojamos sąvartynų filtrato fizikinės ir cheminės savybės, tradiciniai bei pažangūs jo valymo metodai ir pagrindiniai technologiniai parametrai, lemiantys procesų efektyvumą. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas hibridiniam koaguliacijos ir adsorbcijos procesui, kurio veiksmingumas pastaraisiais metais vis dažniau nagrinėjamas moksliniuose tyrimuose. Literatūros duomenys rodo, kad dėl koaguliacijos ir adsorbcijos procesų sinerginio poveikio galima pasiekti didesnį kaip 80 % cheminio deguonies suvartojimo (ChDS) sumažėjimą ir daugiau kaip 90 % amonio azoto pašalinimo efektyvumą. Tokie rezultatai daugeliu atvejų reikšmingai viršija atskirai taikomų koaguliacijos arba adsorbcijos procesų efektyvumą. Straipsnyje kritiškai vertinamos dažniausiai naudojamų koaguliantų ir adsorbentų savybės bei jų taikymo efektyvumas, analizuojama svarbiausių eksploatacinių parametrų įtaka hibridinio proceso veiksmingumui, taip pat identifikuojami esminiai technologiniai ribotumai ir perspektyviausios tolesnių tyrimų kryptys.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: sąvartynų filtratas, filtrato valymas, koaguliacija, adsorbcija, koaguliantai, organiniai teršalai, amonio azotas.
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landfill leachate, treatment, coagulation, adsorption, coagulants, organic matter, ammonium nitrogenHow to Cite
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Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
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