Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of landscape pattern in minority villages: a case study of Zahan Village in Hainan Province
Abstract
Ethnic minority settlements, as an important medium for the transmission of ethnic cultures, are also a key resource for accelerating the development of ethnic minorities and the regions where they are located. Currently, research on landscape patterns focuses on traditional villages and ancient villages, whereas there is a relative lack of discussion on ethnic minority settlements. This study focuses on the multi-ethnic Zahan Village in Hainan Province, adopting the analysis methods of landscape pattern index and land-use transfer matrix, based on the theoretical framework of landscape ecology, to systematically analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the landscape pattern of the village and its patterns between 2007 and 2022, and to qualitatively analyze the influencing factors of its landscape changes from two dimensions, namely, humanities and nature. Research findings: (1) As the dominant landscape type, the proportion of woodland (although decreasing year by year) still exceeds 80%, whereas other land types, such as watersheds and grasslands, are gradually transformed into construction land and arable land, whose increment is significant. (2) During the study period, Throughout the study period, the landscape homogeneity of Zahan Village became better and better, the landscape types tended to be richer, and the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape also increased. (3) The area of woodland landscapes shows a decreasing trend from year to year, whereas construction land and arable land show an overall increasing trend, and the area of watersheds and meadows also decreases slightly. (4) The village landscape is mainly spatially “clustered,” concentrated in the center and southern part of the village, with a few “dots” distributed in the east and northwest, and the overall trend is spreading from the center to the periphery. (5) The evolution of village landscapes is influenced by a combination of human factors, including demographic, economic, and policy factors, as well as natural geographic factors, such as topography, climate change, and precipitation. The study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable development of Zahan Village, as well as valuable experience and inspiration for the optimal development of other minority villages.
Keyword : minority villages, landscape pattern, time-space evolution, Zahan Village
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Abou Samra, R. M. (2023). Investigating and mapping day-night urban heat island and its driving factors using Sentinel/MODIS data and Google Earth Engine. Case study: Greater Cairo, Egypt. Urban Climate, 52, Article 101729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101729
Abou Samra, R. M., & Ali, R. R. (2021). Detection of the filling phases of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam using sentinel-1 SAR data. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 24(3), 991–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2021.11.006
Abou Samra, R. M., & El-Barbary, S. M. (2018). The use of remote sensing indices for detecting environmental changes: A case study of North Sinai, Egypt. Spatial Information Research, 26, 679–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-018-0211-1
Burkhard, B., Kroll, F., Müller, F., & Windhorst, W. (2009). Landscapes’ capacities to provide ecosystem services – a concept for land-cover based assessments. Landscape Online, 15, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.200915
Chen, D., Jiang, P., & Li, M. (2021). Assessing potential ecosystem service dynamics driven by urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 292, Article 112734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112734
Cui, Y. (2016). Research on the coordinated development of economy and culture in ethnic minority regions under the threshold of common prosperity. Theoretical Observation, (07), 77–78.
Dou, Y., Ye, W., Li, B., & Liu, P. (2022). Tourism adaptability of traditional village based on living-production-ecological spaces: A case study of Zhangguying Village. Economic Geography, (07), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2022.07.022
Forman, R. T. T. (2019). Towns, ecology, and the land. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108183062
Fu, B. (2001). Principles and applications of landscape ecology. Science Press.
Fu, B., Chen, L., Wang, J., Qiu, Y., Ma, K., Meng, Q., Liu, G., & Zhou, H. (2002). A systematic study of sustainable land use. http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/34100
Ge, D., Wang, Z., Tu, S., Long, H., Yan, H., Sun, D., & Qiao, W. (2019). Coupling analysis of greenhouse-led farmland transition and rural transformation development in China’s traditional farming area: A case of Qingzhou City. Land Use Policy, 86, 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.002
Han, H., Yang, T., & Wang, Y. (2009). Changes in land use and landscape pattern in Guinan County, Qinghai in the last 30 years. Advances in Geoscience, (02), 207–215.
Han, M., Sun, Y., Xu, S., & Tang, X. (2005). Landscape pattern change analysis of Zalong marsh wetland based on RS and GIS technology. Progress in Geoscience, (06), 42–49+131.
Han, Y., Guo, X., Jiang, Y., Rao, L., Sun, K., & Yu, H. (2018). Correlation analysis of cropland quality and landscape pattern index in southern hilly areas. Jiangsu Journal of Agriculture, (05), 1057–1065.
Jiang, Z., Jie, Y., Li, R., & He, S. (2019). GIS-based study on the evolution of rural settlement pattern in oasis in arid areas: A case study of Hexi area in Gansu. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, (03), 324–331. https://doi.org/10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0215
Li, J., & Zhang, S. (2022). Exploration of rural landscape ecological environment protection under the perspective of sustainable development. Environmental Engineering, (10), 265–265.
Li, Q., Zhang, Z., Wan, L., Yang, C., Zhang, J., Ye, C., & Chen, Y. (2019). Optimization of landscape pattern in Ningjiang River Basin based on landscape ecological risk assessment. Journal of Geography, (07), 1420–1437.
Li, W., Fang, J., & Zhao, W. (2020). Analysis of landscape index correlation and landscape pattern variability in the Linzhi section of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin. Plateau Agriculture, (06), 592–600+622. https://doi.org/10.19707/j.cnki.jpa.2020.06.009
Liu, X., & Tu, Z. (2017). A quantitative analysis method for the evolution of traditional village landscape. Journal of Huaqiao University (Natural Science Edition), (06), 811–817.
Lu, L., Ren, Y., Zhu, D., Cheng, J., Yang, X., Yang, Z., & Yao, G. (2019). Research framework and prospects of rural tourism guiding rural revitalization. Geography Research, (01), 102–118.
Ma, L., Long, H., Tu, S., & Chang, Y. (2019). Discussion on the evolution characteristics and revitalization path of poor village domain based on the theory of rural multifunctionality: Taking Zahan Village in Hainan Province as an example. Advances in Geographical Sciences, (09), 1435–1446. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.09.016
McGarigal, K., & Marks, B. (1995). FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure (General Technical Report PNW-GTR-351). USDA Forest Service. https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-351
Qi, G., He, B., & Huang, L. (2019). Study on the dynamic change of urban green space landscape pattern based on GIS and FRAGSTATS: Taking Urumqi City, Xinjiang as an example. Anhui Agricultural Science, (15), 72–77+88.
Qiao, S., Li, H., & Xi, W. (2021). Research on the sustainable development of Hainan ethnic tourism under the perspective of cultural ecology: Taking Zahan Village in Qiongzhong, Hainan as an example. Theory, (09), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.13221/j.cnki.lljj.2021.09.010
Sun, F., Sha, R., & Zhou, N. (2002). Protection and innovation of traditional architectural landscape in water towns and villages in Southern Jiangsu Province. Human Geography, (01), 93–96.
Sun, J., & Su, J. (2013). Spatial production of ethnic tourism villages under multiple logic: Taking Long Horn Miao community as an example. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), (06), 96–102.
Sun, Y., & Guo, P. (2011). Analysis of the evolution of urban landscape pattern in Tianjin based on RS and GIS. Anhui Agricultural Science, (13), 7949–7951. https://doi.org/10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2011.13.026
Wang, Y., Shen, H., & Ye, S. (2020). Being rational and emotional: An integrated model of residents’ support of ethnic tourism development. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.05.008
Wang, Y., Zhou, X., & Li, G. (2019). Evaluation and characterization of the ruralness of different types of traditional villages in Southern Suzhou – a survey based on 12 traditional villages in Suzhou. Geography Research, (06), 1311–1321.
Wang, Z., & Xu, X. (2023). Research on ethnic settlements in Hainan Island under the perspective of cultural ecology: Taking Zahan Village in Qiongzhong as an example. Architecture in Central China, (07), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.13942/j.cnki.hzjz.2023.07.022
Wu, J. (2007). Landscape ecology: Pattern, process, scale and hierarchy. Higher Education Press.
Wu, S., Li, C., & Xie, G. (2022). Idyllic synthesis: A study on the protection and development path of traditional ethnic minority villages – a rooted analysis based on Miao Langde Village in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou. Journal of Primitive Ethnic Culture, (06), 74–82+155.
Xi, J., Wang, X., Kong, Q., & Zhang, N. (2014). Evolution of rural settlements and land use patterns in tourist sites – a case study of three tourist villages in the Nosanpo tourist area. Journal of Geography, (04), 531–540.
Xiao, J. (2014). Analysis of “landscape-culture” composition relationship of urban and rural historical settlements in China from the perspective of cultural landscape: Taking historical settlements in Southwest China as an example. Journal of Architecture, (S2), 89–97.
Xie, W., Zhu, X., Zhang, Y., Ding, Y., & Qi, J. (2021). Changes in surface cover and landscape pattern evolution of the Beijing section of the Grand Canal. Beijing Mapping, (10), 1262–1266. https://doi.org/10.19580/j.cnki.1007-3000.2021.10.006
Yang, Q., Hu, P., Wang, J., Yang, Z., Liu, H., & Wang, W. (2020). Evolution of landscape pattern and its response in Zalong Wetland and Uyur River Basin, 1980-2018. Journal of Water Ecology, (05), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.15928/j.1674-3075.2020.05.010
Yin, K., Zhao, Q., Cui, S., Lin, T., & Shi, L. (2009). Progress in urban forest landscape patterns and processes. Journal of Ecology, (01), 389–398.
Zhang, D., & Liao, M. (2018). Research on the inheritance and innovation of culture in the process of tourism development of ethnic villages in Hainan: Taking Zahan Village in Hainan Province as an example. Modern Business, (06), 93–95. https://doi.org/10.14097/j.cnki.5392/20180321.003
Zhang, T., Xu, Y., & Li, H. (2018). Research on the evaluation of the effectiveness of rural construction and the mechanism of the intrinsic influence of indicators. China Population-Resources and Environment, (11), 37–46.
Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., Chen, X., Guo, X., Feng, W., Liu, Y., & Fang, Y. (2019). Habitat suitability of traditional Buyi villages in rocky desertification areas of Guizhou. Journal of Applied Ecology, (09), 3203–3214. https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201909.015
Zou, J., Zhu, Q., & Liu, P. (2018). Research on the vulnerability influencing factors of tourism-based traditional villages based on explanatory structural modeling. Economic Geography, (12), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2018.12.028