Effects of different types of plants on runoff reduction and suspended solids removal in rain gardens
Abstract
This research conducted a series of experiments, determined that 40% is the optimal sand-soil ratio, built three rain gardens, and planted Ilex chinensis Sims and Cynodon dactylon as a key element in the rain gardens. Among them, rain garden A was planted with only Cynodon dactylon for a one-year observation period. Rain gardens B and C, designed as three-year rain gardens, were planted with Ilex chinensis Sims or Cynodon dactylon, respectively. The method of simulating rainwater runoff was used to monitor the rain gardens continuously. The results showed that the total runoff reduction rates of rain gardens A, B, and C were 43%, 53%, and 55%, respectively. The average removal rates of pollutant suspended solids in rain gardens A, B, and C were 94%, 88%, and 87%, respectively, and the suspended solids pollution load reduction rate reached 96%, 94%, and 95%, respectively. This would be significant for future work and as a reference for the selection of plants for rain gardens in China.
Keyword : Ilex chinensis Sims, Cynodon dactylon, rain gardens, suspended solids removal, water cleaning technologies, biotechnologies in environmental engineering
How to Cite
Li, C., Chen, L., Li, H., Miao, Z., Yang, R., Chu, L., & Mao, L. (2023). Effects of different types of plants on runoff reduction and suspended solids removal in rain gardens. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 31(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.19016
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Davis, A. P., Hunt, W. F., Traver, R. G., & Clar, M. (2009). Bioretention technology: Overview of current practice and future needs. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 135(3), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2009)135:3(109)
Davis, A. P., Traver, R. G., Hunt, W. F., Lee, R., Brown, R. A., & Olszewski, J. M. (2008). Hydrologic performance of bioretention storm-water control measures. Environmental Science & Technology, 17(5), 604–614. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000467
Deng, W., Li, T., & Wang, J. (2013). Feasibility of applying sewer silt as soil permeability improver for rain garden facility. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 7(08), 3203–3208.
Ding, T., Gao, J., Tian, S., Shi, G., Chen, F., Wang, C., Luo, X., & Han, D. (2014). Chemical and isotopic characteristics of the water and suspended particulate materials in the Yangtze River and their geological and environmental implications. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88(1), 276–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12197
Godyń, I., Grela, A., Stajno, D., & Tokarska, P. (2020). Sustainable rainwater management concept in a housing estate with a financial feasibility assessment and motivational rainwater fee system efficiency analysis. Water, 12(1), 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010151
Guo, C., Li, J., Ma, Y., Li, H., Yuan, M., & Ji, G. (2018). Fate analysis and value estimation for rain gardens. Journal of Environmental Science, 38(11), 4391–4399.
Hang, Y. (2017). Development and application of herbaceous vegetation in new naturalistic ecological planting design. Landscape Architecture, 5, 16–21. https://doi.org/10.14085/j.fjyl.2017.05.0016.06
Hu, A., Zhang, S., & Chen, J. (2011). Progress on the improvement of urban stormwater runoff quality by bioretention. Environmental Pollution and Prevention, 33(01), 74–77.
Hunt, W. F., Davis, A. P., & Traver, R. G. (2012). Meeting hydrologic and water quality goals through targeted bioretention design. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 138(6), 698–707. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000504
Jiang, C., Li, J., Ma, Y., Li, H., & Ruan, T. (2018). Regulating effect of rain garden on actual rainfall run off. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 32(04), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.04.019
Le Coustumer, S., Fletcher, T. D., Deletic, A., Barraud, S., & Lewis, J. F. (2009). Hydraulic performance of biofilter systems for stormwater management: Influences of design and operation. Journal of Hydrology, 376(1–2), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.012
Li, G., Xiong, J., Zhu, J., Liu, Y., & Dzakpasu, M. (2021). Design influence and evaluation model of bioretention in rainwater treatment: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 787, 147592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147592
Li, Z., Wu, P., Feng, H., Zhao, X., & Huang, J. (2009). Effects of soil clay particle content on soil infiltration capacity by simulated experiments. Agricultural Research in Arid Area, 27(3), 71–77.
Luo, H. M., Che, W., Li, J. Q., Wang, H. L., Meng, G. H., & He, J. P. (2008). Application of rainwater garden to storm and flood control utilization. Water Supply and Drainage in China, 24(6), 48–52.
Machusick, M., Welker, A., & Traver, R. (2010). Groundwater mounding at a storm-water infiltration BMP. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 137(3), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000184
Sharma, A., & Gardner, T. (2020). Comprehensive assessment methodology for urban residential rainwater tank implementation. Water, 12(2), 315. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020315
Sharma, R., & Malaviya, P. (2021). Management of stormwater pollution using green infrastructure: The role of rain gardens. WIREs Water, 8(2), 1507. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1507
Tang, S., Luo, Z., Jia, Z., Li, S., Wu, Y., & Zhou, M. (2015). Effect of rain gardens on storm runoff reduction. Progress in Water Science, 26(06), 787–794. https://doi.org/10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2015.06.004
Turer, D., Maynard, J. B., & Sansalone, J. J. (2001). Heavy metal contamination in soils of urban highways comparison between runoff and soil concentrations at Cincinnati, Ohio. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 132(3–4), 293–314. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013290130089
Xia, W., Lu, J., & Jin, L. (2019). Community structure and species diversity of a low impact development demonstration area in Zhenjiang City. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 36(4), 793–800.
Yang, J., Zhang, G., & Yuan, D. (2008). Characteristics of water infiltration in urban soils of Nanjing city. Journal of Applied Ecology, 19(02), 363–368.
Yuan, M., Zheng, L., & Gu, Y. (2016). Discussion on the structure of rainwater garden suitable for Southern Jiangsu. Construction Technology, 23, 44–46. https://doi.org/10.16116/j.cnki.jskj.2016.23.011
Zanin, G., Bortolini, L., & Borin, M. (2018). Assessing stormwater nutrient and heavy metal plant uptake in an experimental bioretention pond. Land, 7(4), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040150
Zhang, B., Deng, C., Ma, Y., Li, J., Jiang, C., & Ma, M. (2019). Retention and purification effect of roof rainwater by rain garden. Water Supply and Drainage in China, 35(21), 132–138.
Zhang, D., Gersberg, R. M., Wilhelm, C., & Voigt, M. (2009). Decentralized water management: Rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse in an urban area of Beijing, China. Urban Water Journal, 6(5), 375–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/15730620902934827
Zhu, B., Zhang, P., Wen, F., & Ren, H. (2008). Infiltration process in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Soil and Water Conservation Bulletin, 28(04), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2008.04.017