Green synthesis of iron-oxide nanoparticles using scrap iron as precursor for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous medium
Abstract
In the present study, low-cost, environmentally friendly, single-step, high productive novel Iron-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared from scrap iron using a green synthesis method to remove Pb (II) from aqueous solution. The characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was conducted by UV-vis spectroscopy. The crystalline structure and the phase change were clarified by XRD. FE-SEM was done to know the morphology of iron oxide nanoparticles, and the average surface area of 46.856 m2/g was found by the BET surface area analyzer. The XRD plot shows that the obtained magnetite Fe3O4 combines FeO and Fe2O3 as the synthesis was conducted in the open atmosphere. The SEM images confirm the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles with a size of 31 nm. The removal efficiency of the adsorbent was carried out by optimizing the different operational parameters like pH, time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of metal ion, contact time by batch studies. The obtained pHzpc (pH 5.7) value indicates that the adsorption process will be favorable at higher pH. The maximum removal efficiency and uptake capacity of lead were 98% and 68.07 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption data obtained were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The equilibrium data are fitted by Langmuir isotherm in a superior way than that of Freundlich isotherm. The results show that homogeneous adsorption of the metal ion favors heterogeneous adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of iron oxide NPs was calculated through Langmuir isotherm was Qmax (68.07) mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption of metal ions with time was also analyzed with the pseudo 1st and pseudo 2nd kinetic equations. The kinetic data are fitted more in the pseudo 2nd order reaction. Adsorption capacity calculated through pseudo 2nd order equation was qe (51.81) mg/g. This literature verifies that NPs synthesized from scrap iron as precursors prove to be an attractive option for removing heavy metals.
Keyword : nanoparticles, green synthesis of nanoparticles, kinetic study, isotherm study, scrap iron precursors, heavy metals removal
How to Cite
Taqui, M., Das, S., Kamilya, T., Mondal, S., & Chaudhuri, S. (2022). Green synthesis of iron-oxide nanoparticles using scrap iron as precursor for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous medium. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 30(2), 308-320. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.16747
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Kataria, N., & Garg, V. K. (2018). Green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded sawdust carbon for cadmium (II) removal from water: Regeneration and mechanism. Chemosphere, 208, 818–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.022
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Ali, A. A., Ahmed, I. S., & Elfiky, E. M. (2021). Auto-combustion synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3) for removal of lead ions from aqueous solution. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 31(1), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01695-3
Anayurt, R. A., Sari, A., & Tuzen, M. (2009). Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies on biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by macrofungus (Lactarius scrobiculatus) biomass. Chemical Engineering Journal, 151(1), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.03.002
Bagbi, Y., Sarswat, A., Mohan, D., Pandey, A., & Solanki, P. R. (2017). Lead and chromium adsorption from water using L-Cysteine functionalized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 7672. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03380-x
Chanthapon, N., Sarkar, S., Kidkhunthod, P., & Padungthon, S. (2018). Lead removal by a reusable gel cation exchange resin containing nano-scale zero valent iron. Chemical Engineering Journal, 331, 545–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.133
Chen, W., Lu, Z., Xiao, B., Gu, P., Yao, W., Xing, J., Asiri, A. M., Alamry, K. A., Wang, X., & Wang, S. (2019). Enhanced removal of lead ions from aqueous solution by iron oxide nanomaterials with cobalt and nickel doping. Journal of Cleaner Production, 211, 1250–1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.254
Dargahi, A., Golestanifar, H., Darvishi, P., Karami, A., Hasan, S. H., Poormohammadi, A., & Behzadnia, A. (2016). An investigation and comparison of removing heavy metals (lead and chromium) from aqueous solutions using magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(2), 557–562. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/60281
Das, M. P., & Rebecca, L. J. (2018). Removal of lead(II) by phyto-inspired iron oxide nanoparticles. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 17(2), 569–574.
Fahmy, H. M., Mohamed, F. M., Marzouq, M. H., Mustafa, A. B. E.-D., Alsoudi, A. M., Ali, O. A., Mohamed, M. A., & Mahmoud, F. A. (2018). Review of green methods of iron nanoparticles synthesis and applications. BioNanoScience, 8(2), 491–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-018-0516-5
Fan, S., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Tang, J., Wang, Z., Tang, J., Li, X., & Hu, K. (2017). Facile synthesis of tea waste/Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution. RSC Advances, 7(13), 7576–7590. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27781k
Fierro, V., Torné-Fernández, V., Montané, D., & Celzard, A. (2008). Adsorption of phenol onto activated carbons having different textural and surface properties. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 111(1), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.08.002
Guler, U. A. (2017). Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions using nanoscale zero valent iron and functional pumice modified nanoscale zero valent iron. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 25(3), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1210156
Gunatilake, S. K. (2015). Methods of removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science Studies, 1(1), 12–18.
Hariani, P. L., Faizal, M., Ridwan, R., Marsi, M., & Setiabudidaya, D. (2013). Synthesis and properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by co-precipitation method to removal procion dye. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 4(3), 336–340. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2013.v4.366
Hasany, S. F., Ahmed, I., Rajan, J., & Rehman, A. (2012). Systematic review of the preparation techniques of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2(6), 148–158. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.nn.20120206.01
He, J., Xiong, D., Zhou, P., Xiao, X., Ni, F., Deng, S., Shen, F., Tian, D., Long, L., & Luo, L. (2020). A novel homogenous in-situ generated ferrihydrite nanoparticles/polyethersulfone composite membrane for removal of lead from water: Development, characterization, performance and mechanism. Chemical Engineering Journal, 393, 124696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124696
Herlekar, M., Barve, S., & Kumar, R. (2014). Plant-mediated green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoparticles, 2014, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/140614
Huang, L., Weng, X., Chen, Z., Megharaj, M., & Naidu, R. (2014). Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by various tea extracts: Comparative study of the reactivity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 130, 295–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.037
Ihsanullah, Abbas, A., Al-Amer, A. M., Laoui, T., Al-Marri, M. J., Nasser, M. S., Khraisheh, M., & Atieh, M. A. (2016). Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution by advanced carbon nanotubes: Critical review of adsorption applications. Separation and Purification Technology, 157, 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.039
Jafarinejad, S., Faraji, M., Jafari, P., & Mokhtari-Aliabad, J. (2017). Removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions using novel-modified magnetic nanoparticles: optimization, isotherm, and kinetics studies. Desalination and Water Treatment, 92, 267–274. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21562
Jumina, Priastomo, Y., Setiawan, H. R., Mutmainah, Kurniawan, Y. S., & Ohto, K. (2020). Simultaneous removal of lead(II), chromium(III), and copper(II) heavy metal ions through an adsorption process using C-phenylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene material. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(4), 103971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103971
Kamilya, T., Mondal, S., & Saha, R. (2021). Effect of magnetic field on the removal of copper from aqueous solution using activated carbon derived from rice husk. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 20017–20034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12158-0
Kataria, N., & Garg, V. K. (2018). Green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded sawdust carbon for cadmium (II) removal from water: Regeneration and mechanism. Chemosphere, 208, 818–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.022
Kumar, R., & Mondal, S. (2020). Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using coal-coated with FeCl3. In A. S. Kalamdhad (Ed.), Recent developments in waste management (pp. 417–434). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0990-2_34
Liu, X., Hu, Q., Fang, Z., Zhang, X., & Zhang, B. (2009). Magnetic chitosan nanocomposites: A useful recyclable tool for heavy metal ion removal. Langmuir, 25(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1021/la802754t
Mahurpawar, M. (2015). Effects of heavy metals on human health. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 3(9SE), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3282
Martínez-Cabanas, M., López-García, M., Barriada, J. L., Herrero, R., & Sastre de Vicente, M. E. (2016). Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Development of magnetic hybrid materials for efficient As(V) removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 301, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.149
Moattari, R. M., Rahimi, S., Rajabi, L., Derakhshan, A. A., & Keyhani, M. (2015). Statistical investigation of lead removal with various functionalized carboxylate ferroxane nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 283, 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.025
Mondal, S., & Mahanta, C. (2017). Evaluation of arsenic adsorption capacity of indigenous materials for their suitability as filter media. Desalination and Water Treatment, 84, 309–323. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21188
Moradi, G., Dabirian, F., Mohammadi, P., Rajabi, L., Babaei, M., & Shiri, N. (2018). Electrospun fumarate ferroxane/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite nanofibers adsorbent for lead removal from aqueous solution: Characterization and process optimization by response surface methodology. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 129, 182–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2017.09.022
Nassar, N. N. (2010). Rapid removal and recovery of Pb(II) from wastewater by magnetic nanoadsorbents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 184(1), 538–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.069
Neyaz, N., Siddiqui, W. A., & Nair, K. K. (2014). Application of surface functionalized iron oxide nanomaterials as a nanosorbents in extraction of toxic heavy metals from ground water: A review. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(4), 472–483.
Prathna, T. C., Sharma, S. K., & Kennedy, M. (2017). Development of iron oxide nanoparticle adsorbents for arsenic and fluoride removal. Desalination and Water Treatment, 67, 187–195. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20464
Rajput, S., Pittman, C. U., & Mohan, D. (2016). Magnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle synthesis and applications for lead (Pb2+) and chromium (Cr6+) removal from water. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 468, 334–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.12.008
Saleh, T. A., Tuzen, M., & Sarı, A. (2017). Magnetic activated carbon loaded with tungsten oxide nanoparticles for aluminum removal from waters. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5(3), 2853–2860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.038
Sarkar, Z. K., & Sarkar, F. K. (2013). Selective removal of lead (II) ion from wastewater using superparamagnetic monodispersed iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as a effective adsorbent. International Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 9(2), 109–114.
Shi, Z., Xu, C., Guan, H., Li, L., Fan, L., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Meng, Q., & Zhang, R. (2018). Magnetic metal organic frameworks (MOFs) composite for removal of lead and malachite green in wastewater. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 539, 382–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.043
Sulistyaningsih, T., Santosa, S. J., Siswanta, D., & Rusdiarso, B. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of magnetites obtained from mechanically and sonochemically assissted co-precipitation and reverse co-precipitation methods. International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing, 5(1), 16–19. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2017.5.1.280
Wu, W., He, Q., & Jiang, C. (2008). Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis and surface functionalization strategies. Nanoscale Research Letters, 3(11), 397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-008-9174-9
Xu, P., Zeng, G. M., Huang, D. L., Lai, C., Zhao, M. H., Wei, Z., Li, N. J., Huang, C., & Xie, G. X. (2012). Adsorption of Pb(II) by iron oxide nanoparticles immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanisms analysis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 203, 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.07.048
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