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In situ and ex situ bioremediation of heavy metals: the present scenario

    Oindrila Paul Affiliation
    ; Amrita Jasu Affiliation
    ; Dibyajit Lahiri Affiliation
    ; Moupriya Nag Affiliation
    ; Rina Rani Ray Affiliation

Abstract

Enhanced population growth, rapid industrialization, urbanization and hazardous industrial practices have resulted in the development of environmental pollution in the past few decades. Heavy metals are one of those pollutants that are related to environmental and public health concerns based on their toxicity. Effective bioremediation may be accomplished through “ex situ” and “in situ” processes, based on the type and concentration of pollutants, characteristics of the site but is not limited to cost. The recent developments in artificial neural network and microbial gene editing help to improve “in situ” bioremediation of heavy metals from the polluted sites. Multi-omics approaches are adopted for the effective removal of heavy metals by various indigenous microbes. This overview introspects two major bioremediation techniques, their principles, limitations and advantages, and the new aspects of nanobiotechnology, computational biology and DNA technology to improve the scenario.

Keyword : bioremediation, “in situ” and “ex situ” bioremediation, bioattenuation, heavy metals

How to Cite
Paul, O., Jasu, A., Lahiri, D., Nag, M., & Ray, R. R. (2021). In situ and ex situ bioremediation of heavy metals: the present scenario. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 29(4), 454–469. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.15447
Published in Issue
Dec 16, 2021
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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