Experimental study on joint stiffness with vision-based system and geometric imperfections of temporary member structure
Abstract
In this paper, tests of plug-pin joints are conducted in order to obtain their mechanical parameters, including semi-rigid property. To solve the difficulties of multi-point displacement measurements for small joints, this investigation proposes a vision-based measurement system based on the principle of binocular stereo vision to improve measurement accuracy. Accurate sub-pixel location is achieved according to a template-matching algorithm based on grayscale. Joint performance, including horizontal bar joint tension and compression, semi-rigidity between horizontal bars and upright rods and bracing tension and compression, is investigated in order to acquire joint failure modes as well as load and displacement (or moment and rotation angle) curves. Through data fitting, multi-linear simplified models are proposed to illustrate the joints’ mechanical performance. This paper also investigates geometric imperfection of temporary member structure with plug-pin joints based on several substructure models and temporary grandstand units using a total station theodolite. The probabilistic models of initial member out-of-straightness and story frame out-of-plumb have been acquired, which can be used into Monte Carlo simulation to create stochastic model of the temporary member structure.
Keywords:
temporary member structure, plug-pin joint, vision-based measurement system, multi-linear simplified model, initial geometric imperfection, probabilistic modelHow to Cite
Experimental study on joint stiffness with vision-based system and geometric imperfections of temporary member structure. (2018). Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 24(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.299
Share
License
Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Armesto, J.; Lubowiecka, I.; Ordóñez, C.; Rial, F. I. 2009. FEM modeling of structures based on close range digital photogrammetry, Automation in Construction 18: 559–569. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2008.11.006" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2008.11.006</a>
Beale, R. G. 2014. Scaffold research – a review, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 98: 188–200. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.01.016" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.01.016</a>
Bell, E. S.; Peddle, J. T.; Goudreau, A. 2012. Bridge condition assessment using digital image correlation and structural modeling, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Resilience and Sustainability, 8–12 July 2012, Maggiore, Italy. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1201/b12352-41" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1201/b12352-41</a>
Bielewicz, E.; Goórski, J. 2002. Reliability of imperfect structures (simple non-linear models), Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 8(2): 83–87. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1080/13923730.2002.10531256" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1080/13923730.2002.10531256</a>
Chan, S.; Huang, H.; Fang, L. 2005. Advanced analysis of imperfect portal frames with semirigid base connections, Journal of Engineering Mechanics 131: 633–640. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:6(633)" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:6(633)</a>
Chandrangsu, T.; Rasmussen, K. J. 2011a. Investigation of geometric imperfections and joint stiffness of support scaffold systems, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 67: 576–584. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.004" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.004</a>
Chandrangsu, T.; Rasmussen, K. J. R. 2011b. Structural modelling of support scaffold systems, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 67: 866–875. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.007" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.007</a>
Chang, C.; Ji, Y. 2007. Flexible videogrammetric technique for three-dimensional structural vibration measurement, Journal of Engineering Mechanics 133: 656–664. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:6(656)" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:6(656)</a>
Di, S.; Lin, H.; Du, R. 2011. Two-dimensional (2D) displacement measurement of moving objects using a new MEMS binocular vision system, Journal of Modern Optics 58: 694–699. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2011.566636" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2011.566636</a>
Fu, G.; Moosa, A. G. 2002. An optical approach to structural displacement measurement and its application, Journal of Engineering Mechanics 128: 511–520. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:5(511)" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:5(511)</a>
Fukuda, Y.; Feng, M. Q.; Shinozuka, M. 2010. Cost‐effective vision‐based system for monitoring dynamic response of civil engineering structures, Structural Control and Health Monitoring 17: 918–936. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.360" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.360</a>
GB 50017-2003. Code for design of steel structure. Chinese standard, 2003.
Ghosh, P. K.; Mudur, S. P. 1995. Three-dimensional computer vision: A geometric viewpoint, Computer Journal 38: 85–86. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/38.1.85" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/38.1.85</a>
Godley, M. H. R.; Beale, R. G. 1997. Sway stiffness of scaffold structures, Structural Engineer 75(1): 4–12.
Jáuregui, D. V.; White, K. R.; Woodward, C. B.; Leitch, K. R. 2003. Noncontact photogrammetric measurement of vertical bridge deflection, Journal of Bridge Engineering 8: 212–222. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2003)8:4(212)" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2003)8:4(212)</a>
JGJ 162-2008. Technical code for safety of forms in construction. Chinese standard, 2008.
Jiang, R.; Jáuregui, D. V.; White, K. R. 2008. Close-range photogrammetry applications in bridge measurement: literature review, Measurement 41: 823–834. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2007.12.005" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2007.12.005</a>
Kala, Z. 2012. Geometrically non-linear finite element reliabil¬ity analysis of steel plane frames with initial imperfections, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18(1): 81–90. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.655306" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.655306</a>
Kala, Z.; Valeš, J.; Jönsson, J. 2017. Random fields of initial out of straightness leading to column buckling, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23(7): 902–913. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1341957" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1341957</a>
Lee, J. J.; Shinozuka, M. 2006. A vision-based system for remote sensing of bridge displacement, Ndt & E International 39: 425–431. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.12.003" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.12.003v</a>
Liu, H.; Jia, L.; Wen, S.; Liu, Q.; Wang, G.; Chen, Z. 2016. Experimental and theoretical studies on the stability of steel tube–coupler scaffolds with different connection joints, Engineering Structures 106: 80–95. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.10.015" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.10.015</a>
Lord, J.; Mccormick, N. 2012. Digital image correlation for structural measurements, in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering, November 2012, Vol. 165(4): 185–190. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.11.00040" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.11.00040</a>
Morlier, J.; Salom, P.; Bos, F. 2007. New image processing tools for structural dynamic monitoring, Key Engineering Materials 347: 239–244. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.347.239" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.347.239</a>
Peng, J. L.; Wu, C. W.; Chan, S. L.; Huang, C. H. 2013. Experimental and numerical studies of practical system scaffolds, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 91: 64–75. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.028" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.028</a>
Tsai, R. Y. 1987. A versatile camera calibration technique for high-accuracy 3D machine vision metrology using off-the-shelf TV cameras and lenses, IEEE Journal on Robotics & Automation 3: 323–344. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1109/JRA.1987.1087109" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1109/JRA.1987.1087109</a>
Yun, C. B.; Lee, J. J.; Koo, K. Y. 2011. Smart structure technologies for civil infrastructures in Korea: recent research and applications, Structure & Infrastructure Engineering 7: 673–688. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470902720109" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470902720109</a>
Zhang, Z. 2000. A flexible new technique for camera calibration, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence 22: 1330–1334. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1109/34.888718" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1109/34.888718</a>
Beale, R. G. 2014. Scaffold research – a review, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 98: 188–200. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.01.016" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.01.016</a>
Bell, E. S.; Peddle, J. T.; Goudreau, A. 2012. Bridge condition assessment using digital image correlation and structural modeling, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Resilience and Sustainability, 8–12 July 2012, Maggiore, Italy. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1201/b12352-41" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1201/b12352-41</a>
Bielewicz, E.; Goórski, J. 2002. Reliability of imperfect structures (simple non-linear models), Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 8(2): 83–87. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1080/13923730.2002.10531256" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1080/13923730.2002.10531256</a>
Chan, S.; Huang, H.; Fang, L. 2005. Advanced analysis of imperfect portal frames with semirigid base connections, Journal of Engineering Mechanics 131: 633–640. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:6(633)" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:6(633)</a>
Chandrangsu, T.; Rasmussen, K. J. 2011a. Investigation of geometric imperfections and joint stiffness of support scaffold systems, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 67: 576–584. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.004" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.004</a>
Chandrangsu, T.; Rasmussen, K. J. R. 2011b. Structural modelling of support scaffold systems, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 67: 866–875. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.007" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.12.007</a>
Chang, C.; Ji, Y. 2007. Flexible videogrammetric technique for three-dimensional structural vibration measurement, Journal of Engineering Mechanics 133: 656–664. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:6(656)" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:6(656)</a>
Di, S.; Lin, H.; Du, R. 2011. Two-dimensional (2D) displacement measurement of moving objects using a new MEMS binocular vision system, Journal of Modern Optics 58: 694–699. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2011.566636" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2011.566636</a>
Fu, G.; Moosa, A. G. 2002. An optical approach to structural displacement measurement and its application, Journal of Engineering Mechanics 128: 511–520. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:5(511)" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:5(511)</a>
Fukuda, Y.; Feng, M. Q.; Shinozuka, M. 2010. Cost‐effective vision‐based system for monitoring dynamic response of civil engineering structures, Structural Control and Health Monitoring 17: 918–936. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.360" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.360</a>
GB 50017-2003. Code for design of steel structure. Chinese standard, 2003.
Ghosh, P. K.; Mudur, S. P. 1995. Three-dimensional computer vision: A geometric viewpoint, Computer Journal 38: 85–86. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/38.1.85" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/38.1.85</a>
Godley, M. H. R.; Beale, R. G. 1997. Sway stiffness of scaffold structures, Structural Engineer 75(1): 4–12.
Jáuregui, D. V.; White, K. R.; Woodward, C. B.; Leitch, K. R. 2003. Noncontact photogrammetric measurement of vertical bridge deflection, Journal of Bridge Engineering 8: 212–222. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2003)8:4(212)" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2003)8:4(212)</a>
JGJ 162-2008. Technical code for safety of forms in construction. Chinese standard, 2008.
Jiang, R.; Jáuregui, D. V.; White, K. R. 2008. Close-range photogrammetry applications in bridge measurement: literature review, Measurement 41: 823–834. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2007.12.005" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2007.12.005</a>
Kala, Z. 2012. Geometrically non-linear finite element reliabil¬ity analysis of steel plane frames with initial imperfections, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18(1): 81–90. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.655306" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.655306</a>
Kala, Z.; Valeš, J.; Jönsson, J. 2017. Random fields of initial out of straightness leading to column buckling, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23(7): 902–913. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1341957" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1341957</a>
Lee, J. J.; Shinozuka, M. 2006. A vision-based system for remote sensing of bridge displacement, Ndt & E International 39: 425–431. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.12.003" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.12.003v</a>
Liu, H.; Jia, L.; Wen, S.; Liu, Q.; Wang, G.; Chen, Z. 2016. Experimental and theoretical studies on the stability of steel tube–coupler scaffolds with different connection joints, Engineering Structures 106: 80–95. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.10.015" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.10.015</a>
Lord, J.; Mccormick, N. 2012. Digital image correlation for structural measurements, in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering, November 2012, Vol. 165(4): 185–190. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.11.00040" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.11.00040</a>
Morlier, J.; Salom, P.; Bos, F. 2007. New image processing tools for structural dynamic monitoring, Key Engineering Materials 347: 239–244. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.347.239" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.347.239</a>
Peng, J. L.; Wu, C. W.; Chan, S. L.; Huang, C. H. 2013. Experimental and numerical studies of practical system scaffolds, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 91: 64–75. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.028" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.028</a>
Tsai, R. Y. 1987. A versatile camera calibration technique for high-accuracy 3D machine vision metrology using off-the-shelf TV cameras and lenses, IEEE Journal on Robotics & Automation 3: 323–344. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1109/JRA.1987.1087109" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1109/JRA.1987.1087109</a>
Yun, C. B.; Lee, J. J.; Koo, K. Y. 2011. Smart structure technologies for civil infrastructures in Korea: recent research and applications, Structure & Infrastructure Engineering 7: 673–688. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470902720109" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470902720109</a>
Zhang, Z. 2000. A flexible new technique for camera calibration, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence 22: 1330–1334. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1109/34.888718" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1109/34.888718</a>
View article in other formats
CrossMark check
Published
2018-03-09
Issue
Section
Articles
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Experimental study on joint stiffness with vision-based system and geometric imperfections of temporary member structure. (2018). Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 24(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.299