Contemporary designs in historic context: Eleftheria square in Cyprus as a bridge between new and the old
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2025.22324Abstract
Contemporary design within a historical context is a special topic of architectural conservation that needs considerations. New designs should be reversible and compatible with existing; however it needs to be legible and distinguishable as well. Creating the compatibility between new and the old is a challenging process. The originality of the heritage should be preserved while adding another layer and value to the heritage.
The international preservation standards and charters provide guideline for contemporary designs in historical settings. The aim of the study is to examine the selected field study by following these principles. Eleftheria square in Cyprus that is designed by Zaha Hadid Architects is the main study area of the paper.
Eleftheria square is a public space located in Nicosia, Southern Cyprus that design has recently completed. It includes design of a moat, which is located next to the historic city walls and designing a bridge that connect the historic part of the city with the new development area. Although the project brought a new life to the neglected part of the city, the design approaches of the project should be examined through conservation principles. Within the scope of the study, the completed project has been examined through preservation principles, which is suggested in selected standards and charters.
Keywords:
new design in historical settings, conservation principles, international preservation standards, Eleftheria square, CyprusHow to Cite
Share
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Australia ICOMOS. (1999). Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. https://australia.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/BURRA_CHARTER.pdf
Choi, J. (2025). Understanding the role of processes in shaping the compatibility of contemporary architecture in historical urban environments. Buildings, 15(2), Article 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15020247
Demir, H. A., & Yüceer, H. (2025). New buildings in historic settings: Revisiting Renzo Piano’s design approach. Historic Environment: Policy and Practice, 16(2), 289–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2025.2492418
Grimmer, A. E., & Week, K. D. (2012). Preservation brief 14: New exterior additions to historic buildings: Preservation concerns. Technical Preservation Services, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1739/upload/preservation-brief-14-exterior-additions.pdf
International Council on Monuments and Sites. (1964). The Venice Charter: International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites. https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/venice_e.pdf
International Council on Monuments and Sites. (1972). Resolutions of the symposium on the introduction of contemporary architecture into ancient groups of buildings. https://www.rcu.gov.sa/getmedia/640a7d27-6fc0-4269-9490-7c2200efa6e8/resolutions-on-the-introduction-of-contemporary-architecture-into-ancient-groups-of-buildings,-1972.pdf
International Council on Monuments and Sites. (1987). The Washington Charter: Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas. https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/towns_e.pdf
International Council on Monuments and Sites. (2011). Valletta principles for the safeguarding and management of historic cities, towns and urban areas. https://civvih.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Valletta-Principles-GA-_EN_FR_28_11_2011.pdf
Ioannou, A. (2023). Eleftheria Square: The legacies and dichotomies woven into Nicosia’s urban fabric. The Cyprus Review, 35(2), 89–111.
Kavaratzis, M., & Ashworth, G. J. (2005). City branding: An effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick? Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2005.00482.x
Khalaf, R. W. (2016). Distinguishing new architecture from old. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 7(4), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2016.1252492
Kurnaz, A., & Aniktar, S. (2024). Visual perception and contextual relationship of contemporary extensions and historical buildings. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 30(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2024.2318923
Latham, D. (2000). Creative reuse of building. Donhead Publishing.
Leeuwarden Declaration. (2018). Adaptive re-use of the built heritage: Preserving and enhancing the values of our built heritage for future generations. https://ace-cae.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ADAPTIVE-RE-USE-OF-THE-BUILT-HERITAGE-PRESERVING-AND-ENHANCING-THE-VALUES-OF-OUR-BUILT-HERITAGE-FOR-FUTURE-GENERATIONS.pdf
Lordou, Z. (2019). Eleftheria Square-Civic Action. https://cyprusconferences.org/5thsmc/gr/presentations/5thSMC_May16_1445_Zoe_Lordou-Eleftheria_Square.pdf
Makrides, D. (2012). Nicosia under British rule 1878–1960. In D. Michaelides (Ed.), Historic Nicosia. Rimal Publications.
Mısırlısoy, D. (2016). Contemporary extensions and heritage buildings: A design methodology. Lambert Academic Publishing. Germany.
Mısırlısoy, D. (2017). New designs in historic context: Starchitecture vs. architectural conservation principles. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 5(6), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2017.050602
Mısırlısoy, D., & Günçe, K. (2015, July 22–24). An analytical approach for evaluation of contemporary additions to historic buildings: Case of Kadir Has University. In RE-ConD’15: Re-evaluating contemporary designs in historical context (pp. 205–216). Istanbul, Turkey.
Mornement, A. (2007). Extensions. Laurence King Publishing.
Nicosia Municipality. (2005). Architectural Competition for the Redesign of Eleftheria Square and the Surrounding Area (Terms of the Architectural Competition). https://culture.ec.europa.eu/cultural-and-creative-sectors/architecture/living-spaces/catalogue/nicosia
Niculae, R. L. (2016). Between responsibility and starchitecture. Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research, 11(1), 67–73.
Powell, K. (1999). Architecture reborn. Laurence King Publishing.
Schittich, C. (2003). In detail building in existing fabric. Birkhauser. https://doi.org/10.11129/detail.9783034614894
Semes, S. W. (2009). Differentiated and compatible. https://www.stpaul.gov/DocumentCenter/View4/70368.pdf
Taraszkiewicz, A., Grębowski, K., Taraszkiewicz, K., & Przewłócki, J. (2021). Contemporary architectural design in the context of historic remains: The case of the old city of Gdańsk. Heritage & Society, 14(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2021.2016051
Torres, Z. N. G. (2009). Historic buildings and contemporary additions: The elements of a cohesive design relationship [Unpublished master thesis]. University of Maryland.
UNESCO. (2005). Vienna Momerandum on World heritage and contemporary architecture: Managing the historic urban landscape. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000140984
Üzümcüoğlu, D., & Güvenbaş, G. (2023). A comprehensive appraisal of Eleftheria Square’s renovation within its historical context in Cyprus. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 13(4), 811–826.
Yang, A., Deng, X., Shi, H., Wang, Z., He, H., Xu, J., & Xiao, Y. (2024). A novel approach for assessing color harmony of historical buildings via street view image. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 13, 764–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.02.014
Yüceer, H., & İpekoğlu, B. (2012). An architectural assessment method for new exterior additions to historic buildings. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 13(4), 419–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2011.12.002
Zaha Hadid Architects. (2021a). Eleftheria Square. https://www.zaha-hadid.com/masterplans/eleftheria-square/
Zaha Hadid Architects. (2021b). Eleftheria Square. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/973570/eleftheria-square-zaha-hadid-architects
View article in other formats
Published
Issue
Section
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.