A theoretical approach to endorphin-stimulating architecture
Abstract
As with the other creative and design industries, architecture is mainly aimed to solve users’ needs. However, in the current practice, the design transformation process is less responsive to user feedback and primarily relies on the architect’s perceptual skill that tends to be subjective. Innovative architectural problem-solving strategies can be derived from neuroscience knowledge, allowing a more scientifically proven user-centered design. The interdisciplinary collaboration in architecture design, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence may offer a new concept generation to design our built environment. The neuroarchitecture design approach, combined with artificial intelligence engineering, can create an environment that produces impulses that directly affect the human brain’s response and induce happiness. Endorphin, called the happy hormone, can be stimulated to develop happy feelings essential for today’s stressful life. This theoretical study aims to determine how architectural elements affect happiness through endorphin stimulation. An interdisciplinary literature study involving architecture and neuropsychology of both theoretical and methodological was adopted to explore this possibility. The result showed that the architectural environment could generate happiness, potentially indicating the endorphin presence. This study recommends using Virtual Reality apparatus to experiment and a blood test to check the endorphin level in the human body.
Keyword : architectural design, design process(es), endorphin, neuroarchitecture, artificial intelligence, psychology of design, user-centered design
How to Cite
Satwiko, P., Wimbarti, S., Michelle, B., & Cininta, M. (2024). A theoretical approach to endorphin-stimulating architecture. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 48(2), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2024.18808
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Qun, L. C. (2018). A place in between: Architecture and happiness: Urban design for joy and well-being. University of Strathclyde.
Rocabado, J. M. V., Macruz, A., Bueno, E., Sol, G., & Palmieri, R. (2020). Nature, neuroscience and design. In Link 2020 Conference Proceedings (pp. 66–67). https://doi.org/10.24135/linksymposium.vi.10
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Salamon, E., Kim, M., Beaulieu, J., & Stefano, G. B. (2003). Sound therapy induced relaxation: Down regulating stress processes and pathologies. Medical Science Monitor, 9(5), RA96–RA101.
Sandkühler, J. F., Brochhagen, S., Rohde, P., Muscheidt, R. C., Grömer, T. W., Müller, H., & Brauner, J. M. (2022). 100,000 lumens to treat seasonal affective disorder: A proof of concept RCT of Bright, whole-ROom, All-Day (BROAD) light therapy. Depression and Anxiety, 39(12), 760–769. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23281
Shearcroft, G. (2021). The joy of architecture: Evoking emotions through building. Architectural Design, 91(1), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.2660
Stevens, C. J., Bell, J. N. B., Brimblecombe, P., Clark, C. M., Dise, N. B., Fowler, D., Lovett, G. M., & Wolseley, P. A. (2020). The impact of air pollution on terrestrial managed and natural vegetation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 378(2183), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0317
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Yfantidou, G., & Anthopoulos, P. (2017). Designing of outdoor green recreational parks. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 12(2), 5–18.
Akers, A., Barton, J., Cossey, R., Gainsford, P., Griffin, M., & Micklewright, D. (2012). Visual color perception in green exercise: Positive effects on mood and perceived exertion. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 8661–8666. https://doi.org/10.1021/es301685g
Alam, M. R., Reaz, M. B. I., & Ali, M. A. M. (2012). A review of smart homes—Past, present, and future. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), 42(6), 1190–1203. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2012.2189204
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Azzazy, S., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., GhaffarianHoseini, A., Naismith, N., & Doborjeh, Z. (2021). A critical review on the impact of built environment on users’ measured brain activity. Architectural Science Review, 64(4), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2020.1749980
Banaei, M., Hatami, J., Yazdanfar, A., & Gramann, K. (2017). Walking through architectural spaces: The impact of interior forms on human brain dynamics. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, Article 477. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00477
Blissive. (2022). http://www.blissive.com
Burrows, E., O’Mahony, M., & Geraghty, D. (2018). How urban parks offer opportunities for physical activity in Dublin, Ireland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), Article 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040815
Ciulla, G., D’Amico, A., Lo Brano, V., & Traverso, M. (2019). Application of optimized artificial intelligence algorithm to evaluate the heating energy demand of non-residential buildings at European level. Energy, 176, 380–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.168
Debrah, C., Chan, A. P. C., & Darko, A. (2022). Artificial intelligence in green building. Automation in Construction, 137, Article 104192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104192
Fernández-Caballero, A., Martínez-Rodrigo, A., Pastor, J. M., Castillo, J. C., Lozano-Monasor, E., López, M. T., Zangróniz, R., Latorre, J. M., & Fernández-Sotos, A. (2016). Smart environment architecture for emotion detection and regulation. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 64, 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2016.09.015
Freeman, E. (2017). With nature in mind: The ecotherapy manual for mental health professionals. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 45(5), 633–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2017.1317713
GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. (2016). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 388(10053), 1545–1602. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
Ghosh, S. K. (2018). Happy hormones at work: Applying the learnings from neuroscience to improve and sustain workplace happiness. NHRD Network Journal, 11(4), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631454118806139
Grilli, G., & Sacchelli, S. (2020). Health benefits derived from forest: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), Article 6125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176125
Halhoul Merabet, G., Essaaidi, M., Ben Haddou, M., Qolomany, B., Qadir, J., Anan, M., Al-Fuqaha, A., Abid, M. R., & Benhaddou, D. (2021). Intelligent building control systems for thermal comfort and energy-efficiency: A systematic review of artificial intelligence-assisted techniques. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 144, Article 110969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110969
Hashmi, M. F., Ashish, B. K. K., Sharma, V., Keskar, A. G., Bokde, N. D., Yoon, J. H., & Geem, Z. W. (2021). LARNet: Real-time detection of facial micro expression using lossless attention residual network. Sensors, 21(4), Article 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041098
Hasin, D., Pampori, Z. A., Aarif, O., Bulbul, K., Sheikh, A. A., & Bhat, I. A. (2018). Happy hormones and their significance in animals and man. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, 3(5), 100–103.
Hassanzadeh, M., Kiani, F., Bouya, S., & Zarei, M. (2018). Comparing the effects of relaxation technique and inhalation aromatherapy on fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 31, 210–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.02.019
Horr, Y. Al, Arif, M., Katafygiotou, M., Mazroei, A., Kaushik, A., & Elsarrag, E. (2016). Impact of indoor environmental quality on occupant well-being and comfort: A review of the literature. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.03.006
International Organization for Standardization. (2018). Implants for surgery — Hydroxyapatite (ISO Standard No. 13779:2018). https://www.iso.org/standard/64619.html
Jenkins, T. A., Nguyen, J. C. D., Polglaze, K. E., & Bertrand, P. P. (2016). Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis. Nutrients, 8(1), Article 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010056
Kämpfe, J., Sedlmeier, P., & Renkewitz, F. (2011). The impact of background music on adult listeners: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Music, 39(4), 424–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735610376261
Kandasamy, N. K., Karunagaran, G., Spanos, C., Tseng, K. J., & Soong, B.-H. (2018). Smart lighting system using ANN-IMC for personalized lighting control and daylight harvesting. Building and Environment, 139, 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.05.005
Khorram, M., Faria, P., & Vale, Z. (2020). Lighting consumption optimization in a SCADA model of office building considering user comfort level BT - distributed computing and artificial intelligence. In E. Herrera-Viedma, Z. Vale, P. Nielsen, A. Martin Del Rey, & R. Casado Vara (Eds.), 16th International Conference, Special Sessions (pp. 20–28). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23946-6_3
Klein, M. O., Battagello, D. S., Cardoso, A. R., Hauser, D. N., Bittencourt, J. C., & Correa, R. G. (2019). Dopamine: Functions, signaling, and association with neurological diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 39(1), 31–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3
Li, M., Gu, W., Chen, W., He, Y., Wu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Smart Home: Architecture, technologies and systems. Procedia Computer Science, 131, 393–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.219
Li, Z., Zhang, J., Li, M., Huang, J., & Wang, X. (2020). A review of smart design based on interactive experience in building systems. Sustainability, 12, Article 6760. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176760
Lipczynska, A., Schiavon, S., & Graham, L. T. (2018). Thermal comfort and self-reported productivity in an office with ceiling fans in the tropics. Building and Environment, 135, 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.013
Mrówczyńska, M., Sztubecka, M., Skiba, M., Bazan-Krzywoszańska, A., & Bejga, P. (2019). The use of artificial intelligence as a tool supporting sustainable development local policy. Sustainability, 11(15), Article 4199. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154199
National Health Service. (2022). Techniques: Physiotherapy. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/physiotherapy/how-it-works/
Pallasmaa, J., Mallgrave, H. F., & Arbib, M. A. (2013). Architecture and neuroscience. Tapio Wirkkala-Rut Bryk Foundation.
Pansela, D., Sekarlangit, N., Satwiko, P., & Felasari, S. (2021). Developing a virtual urban oasis design to reduce urban stress in warm-humid climate. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 738, Article 012073. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/738/1/012073
Patuano, A. (2020). Biophobia and urban restorativeness. Sustainability, 12, Article 4312. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104312
Qun, L. C. (2018). A place in between: Architecture and happiness: Urban design for joy and well-being. University of Strathclyde.
Rocabado, J. M. V., Macruz, A., Bueno, E., Sol, G., & Palmieri, R. (2020). Nature, neuroscience and design. In Link 2020 Conference Proceedings (pp. 66–67). https://doi.org/10.24135/linksymposium.vi.10
Rokade, P. B. (2011). Release of endomorphin hormone and its effects on our body and moods: A review. In International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environment Sciences (ICCEBS’2011) (pp. 436–438), Bangkok. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Entedhar_Sarhat/post/what_hormones_are_released_during_pain/attachment/5b4e6c0d4cde265cb64fc318/AS%3A649507758960640%401531866125064/download/Release+of+Endomorphin+Hormone+and+Its.pdf
Saini, J., Dutta, M., & Marques, G. (2020). Indoor air quality monitoring systems based on internet of things: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, Article 4942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144942
Salamon, E., Kim, M., Beaulieu, J., & Stefano, G. B. (2003). Sound therapy induced relaxation: Down regulating stress processes and pathologies. Medical Science Monitor, 9(5), RA96–RA101.
Sandkühler, J. F., Brochhagen, S., Rohde, P., Muscheidt, R. C., Grömer, T. W., Müller, H., & Brauner, J. M. (2022). 100,000 lumens to treat seasonal affective disorder: A proof of concept RCT of Bright, whole-ROom, All-Day (BROAD) light therapy. Depression and Anxiety, 39(12), 760–769. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23281
Shearcroft, G. (2021). The joy of architecture: Evoking emotions through building. Architectural Design, 91(1), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.2660
Stevens, C. J., Bell, J. N. B., Brimblecombe, P., Clark, C. M., Dise, N. B., Fowler, D., Lovett, G. M., & Wolseley, P. A. (2020). The impact of air pollution on terrestrial managed and natural vegetation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 378(2183), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0317
Sussman, A., & Hollander, J. B. (2021). Cognitive architecture. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003031543
Tantanatewin, W., & Inkarojrit, V. (2016). Effects of color and lighting on retail impression and identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 46, 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.04.015
The British Library. (n.d.). Ecotherapy the green agenda for mental health.
Tsang, T. W., Mui, K. W., & Wong, L. T. (2021). Investigation of thermal comfort in sleeping environment and its association with sleep quality. Building and Environment, 187, Article 107406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107406
Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Handlin, L., & Petersson, M. (2015). Self-soothing behaviors with particular reference to oxytocin release induced by non-noxious sensory stimulation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 1529. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01529
Wojnicki, I., Kotulski, L., Sędziwy, A., & Ernst, S. (2017). Application of distributed graph transformations to automated generation of control patterns for intelligent lighting systems. Journal of Computational Science, 23, 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2017.09.011
Yan, B., Hao, F., & Meng, X. (2021). When artificial intelligence meets building energy efficiency, a review focusing on zero energy building. Artificial Intelligence Review, 54(3), 2193–2220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-020-09902-w
Yerbury, R. M., & Lukey, S. J. (2021). Human–animal interactions: Expressions of wellbeing through a “nature language.” Animals, 11(4), Article 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11040950
Yfantidou, G., & Anthopoulos, P. (2017). Designing of outdoor green recreational parks. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 12(2), 5–18.