Operating speed prediction model as a tool for consistency based geometric design of four-lane divided highways
Abstract
Researchers have studied two-lane rural highways to predict the operating speed on horizontal curves and correlated it with safety. However, the driving characteristics of four-lane-divided highways are different. Weak lane discipline is observed in these facilities, which influences vehicle speed in adjacent lane or space. So, irrespective of its lane or lateral position, vehicles in four-lane divided highways are considered free flowing only when it maintains the minimum threshold headway from any lead vehicle. Examination of two conditions is proposed to ensure the free flow. Vehicles meeting both conditions, when tracked from the preceding tangent section till the centre of the horizontal curve, are considered as free flowing. The speed data of such free flowing passenger cars at the centre of eighteen horizontal curves on four-lane divided highways is analysed to develop a linear operating speed prediction model. The developed model depends on curve radius and preceding tangent length. The operating speed of passenger car in four-lane divided highways is influenced by horizontal curve of radius 360 m or less. Further, longer tangent would yield higher operating speed at the centre of the curve. Finally, two nomograms are suggested for conventional design, consistency based design and geometric design consistency evaluation of four-lane divided horizontal curves.
Keyword : operating speed, horizontal curve, speed prediction model, weak lane discipline, nomogram, passenger car, four-lane divided highway
How to Cite
Sil, G., Maji, A., Nama, S., & Maurya, A. K. (2019). Operating speed prediction model as a tool for consistency based geometric design of four-lane divided highways. Transport, 34(4), 425-436. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.10715
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Bangarraju, V. S. H.; Ravishankar, K. V. R.; Mathew, T. V. 2016. Analysis of lateral distance keeping behaviour in mixed traffic conditions with little lane discipline, International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering 6(4): 431–443. https://doi.org/10.7708/ijtte.2016.6(4).06
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Dell’Acqua, G.; Busiello M.; Russo, F. 2013a. Safety data analysis to evaluate highway alignment consistency, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2349: 121–128. https://doi.org/10.3141/2349-14
Dell’Acqua, G.; Russo, F.; Mauro, R. 2013b. Validation procedure for predictive functions of driver behaviour on two-lane rural roads, European Transport \ Trasporti Europei 53: 1−13.
Dell’Acqua, G.; Russo, F. 2010. Speed factors on low-volume roads for horizontal curves and tangents, The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 5(2): 89–97. https://doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2010.13
Drew, D. R. 1968. Traffic Flow Theory and Control. McGraw Hill. 463 p.
Eboli, L.; Guido, G.; Mazzulla, G.; Pungillo, G. 2017. Experimental relationships between operating speeds of successive road design elements in two-lane rural highways, Transport 32(2): 138−145. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1110831
Esposito, T.; Mauro, R.; Russo, F.; Dell’Acqua, G. 2011. Speed prediction models for sustainable road safety management, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 20: 568–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.08.063
Figueroa Medina, A. M.; Tarko, A. P. 2005. Speed factors on twolane rural highways in free-flow conditions, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1912: 39−46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191200105
Fitzpatrick, K.; Collins, J. M. 2000. Speed-profile model for twolane rural highways, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1737: 42−49. https://doi.org/10.3141/1737-06
Fitzpatrick, K.; Elefteriadou, L.; Harwood, D. W.; Collins, J. M.; McFadden, J.; Anderson, I. B.; Krammes, R. A.; Irizarry, N.; Parma, K. D.; Bauer, K. M.; Passetti, K. 2000a. Speed Prediction for Two-Lane Rural Highways. Report No FHWARD-99-171. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, US. 213 p. Available from Internet: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/ihsdm/99171
Fitzpatrick, K.; Wooldridge, M. D.; Tsimhoni, O.; Collins, J. M.; Green, P.; Bauer, K. M.; Parma, K. D.; Koppa, R.; Harwood, D. W.; Anderson, I.; Krammes, R. A.; Poggioli, B. 2000b. Alternative Design Consistency Rating Methods for TwoLane Rural Highways. FHWA-RD-99-172. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, US. 154 p. Available from Internet: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/ihsdm/99172
Fitzsimmons, E. J.; Kvam, V.; Souleyrette, R. R.; Nambisan, S. S.; Bonett, D. G. 2013a. Determining vehicle operating speed and lateral position along horizontal curves using linear mixedeffects models, Traffic Injury Prevention 14(3): 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2012.701356
Fitzsimmons, E. J.; Souleyrette, R. R.; Nambisan, S. S. 2013b. Measuring horizontal curve vehicle trajectories and speed profiles: pneumatic road tube and video methods, Journal of Transportation Engineering 139(3): 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000501
Glennon, J. C.; Neuman, T. R.; Leisch, J. E. 1983. Safety and Operational Considerations for Design of Rural Highway Curves. FHWA-RD-83-035. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, US. 339 p.
Gong, H.; Stamatiadis, N. 2008. Operating speed prediction models for horizontal curves on rural four-lane highways, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2075: 1−7. https://doi.org/10.3141/2075-01
Gunay, B. 2003. Methods to quantify the discipline of lanebased-driving, Traffic Engineering & Control 44(1): 26–31.
Gunay, B. 2004. An investigation of lane utilisation on Turkish highways, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Transport 157(1): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1680/tran.2004.157.1.43
Gunay, B. 2007. Car following theory with lateral discomfort, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 41(7): 722–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2007.02.002
Gunay, B. 2009. Rationality of a non-lane-based car-following theory, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Transport 162(1): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1680/tran.2009.162.1.27
Hashim, I. H.; Abdel-Wahed, T. A.; Moustafa, Y. 2016. Toward an operating speed profile model for rural two-lane roads in Egypt, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 3(1): 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2015.09.005
IRC: 73-1980. Geometric Design Standards for Rural (Non-Urban) Highways. New Delhi, The Indian Roads Congress (IRC).
Islam, M. N.; Seneviratne, P. N. 1994. Evaluation of design consistency of two-lane rural highways, ITE Journal 64(2): 28–31.
Jacob, A.; Anjaneyulu, M. V. L. R. 2013. Operating speed of different classes of vehicles at horizontal curves on two-lane rural highways, Journal of Transportation Engineering 139(3): 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000503
Kerman, J. A.; McDonald, M.; Mintsis, G. A. 1982. Do vehicles slow down on bends? A study into road curvature, driver behaviour and design, in Transportation Planning Practice: Proceedings for Seminar held at the PTRC Summer Annual Meeting, 12–15 July 1982, Coventry, UK, 57–67.
Khan, S. I.; Maini, P. 1999. Modeling heterogeneous traffic flow, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1678: 234–341. https://doi.org/10.3141/1678-28
Krammes, R. A.; Brackett, R. Q.; Shafer, M. A.; Ottesen, J. L.; Anderson, I. B.; Fink, K. L.; Collins, K. M.; Pendleton, O. J.; Messer, C. J. 1995. Horizontal Alignment Design Consistency for Rural Two-Lane Highways. FHWA-RD-94-034. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, US. 140 p.
Lamm, R.; Choueiri, E. M. 1987. Recommendations for evaluating horizontal design consistency based on investigations in the state of New York, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1122: 68–78.
Lamm, R.; Choueiri, E. M.; Hayward, J. C.; Paluri, A. 1988. Possible design procedure to promote design consistency in highway geometric design on two-lane rural roads, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1195: 111–122.
Lamm, R.; Choueiri, E. M.; Mailaender, T. 1990. Comparison of operating speeds on dry and wet pavements of two-lane rural highways, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1280: 199–207.
Lamm, R.; Psarianos, B.; Choueiri, E. M.; Soilemezoglou, G. 1998. A practical safety approach to highway geometric design international case studies: Germany, Greece, Lebanon, and the United States, in International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design Practices: Conference Proceedings, 30 August–1 September 1995, Boston, Massachusetts, US, 9-1–9-14.
Mahapatra, G.; Maurya, A. K. 2013. Study of vehicles lateral movement in non-lane discipline traffic stream on a straight road, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 104: 352–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.128
Mallikarjuna, C.; Rao, K. R. 2011. Heterogeneous traffic flow modelling: a complete methodology, Transportmetrica 7(5): 321−345. https://doi.org/10.1080/18128601003706078
Mathew, T. V.; Munigety, C. R.; Bajpai, A. 2015. Strip-based approach for the simulation of mixed traffic conditions, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 29(5). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000378
May, A. D. 1959. Friction concept of traffic flow, in Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, 5–9 January 1959, Washington, DC, US, 493–510.
McFadden, J.; Elefteriadou, L. 2000. Evaluating horizontal alignment design consistency of two-lane rural highways: development of new procedure, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1737: 9–17. https://doi.org/10.3141/1737-02
Memon, R. A.; Khaskheli, G. B.; Qureshi, A. S. 2008. Operating speed models for two-lane rural roads in Pakistan, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35(5): 443–453. https://doi.org/10.1139/L07-126
Misaghi, P.; Hassan, Y. 2005. Modeling operating speed and speed differential on two-lane rural roads, Journal of Transportation Engineering 131(6): 408–418. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2005)131:6(408)
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