Boundary feedback stabilization of conformablelinear systems
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/mma.2026.25053Abstract
In this paper, we study the stabilization of infinitedimensional boundary control systems governed by the conformable derivative of order α ∈ (0, 1]. To address this problem, we reformulate the boundary stabilization problem as that of an associated linear internal control system governed by the conformable derivative, thereby enabling the use of techniques originally developed for integer-order dynamics. A stabilizing feedback law is then designed by extending classical results on linear internal control systems to the conformable setting. Exponential stabilization is established, and strong stabilization is also obtained for a broad class of Rieszspectral boundary control systems. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through its application to the heat equation governed by the conformable derivative, supported by numerical simulations that confirm the theoretical findings.
Keywords:
conformable derivative, stabilization, boundary control, Dirichlet operator, fractional semigroupsHow to Cite
Share
License
Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
T. Abdeljawad. On conformable fractional calculus. J. Comput. Appl. Math., 279:57–66, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2014.10.016
T. Abdeljawad, M. Al Horani and R. Khalil. Conformable fractional semigroups of operators. J. Semigroup Theory Appl., 2015:Article ID, 2015.
W. Arendt. Semigroups and evolution equations: functional calculus, regularity and kernel estimates. In Handbook of Differential Equations: Evolutionary Equations, volume 1, pp. 1–85. Elsevier, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-5717(04)80003-3
A. Ben Makhlouf, L. Mchiri, M. Rhaima and M.A. Hammami. Stability of conformable stochastic systems depending on a parameter. Asian J. Control, 25(1):594–603, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/asjc.2804
D.M. Boskovic, M. Krstic and W. Liu. Boundary control of an unstable heat equation via measurement of domain-averaged temperature. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 46(12):2022–2028, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/9.975513
H. Bounit and H. Hammouri. Bounded feedback stabilization and global separation principle of distributed parameter systems. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 42(3):414–419, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/9.557588
R.F. Curtain and H. Zwart. An introduction to infinite-dimensional linear systems theory, volume 21. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
K.-J. Engel, M.K. Fijavž, B. Klöss, R. Nagel and E. Sikolya. Maximal controllability for boundary control problems. Appl. Math. Optim., 62(2):205–227, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00245-010-9101-1
K.-J. Engel and R. Nagel. One-parameter semigroups for linear evolution equations. In Semigroup Forum, pp. 278–280. Springer, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002330010042
T. Ennouari, B. Abouzaid and M.E. Achhab. On the observability of infinitedimensional conformable systems. Int. J. Dyn. Control, pp. 1–8, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-023-01223-4.
G. Greiner. Perturbing the boundary-conditions of a generator. Houston J. Math., 13(2):213–229, 1987.
A. Idrissi. On the unboundedness of control operators for bilinear systems. Quaest. Math., 26(1):105–123, 2003. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073600309486048
R. Khalil, M. Al Horani, A. Yousef and M. Sababheh. A new definition of fractional derivative. J. Comput. Appl. Math., 264:65–70, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2014.01.002
A.M. Lopes, J.A.T. Machado, C.M.A. Pinto and A.M.S.F. Galhano. Fractional dynamics and MDS visualization of earthquake phenomena. Comput. Math. Appl., 66(5):647–658, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2013.02.003
A. Lourini, M. El Azzouzi and M. Laabissi. Exponential stabilization of Rieszspectral bilinear boundary control systems. Systems Control Lett., 181:105649, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2023.105649
A. Lourini, M. El Azzouzi and M. Laabissi. Null controllability of an abstract Riesz-spectral boundary control systems. J. Dyn. Control Syst., 30(3):1–13, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10883-024-09707-y
A. Lourini, M. El Azzouzi and M. Laabissi. Strong and exponential stabilization of linear boundary control systems. Math. Control Related Fields, 15(2):528–547, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3934/mcrf.2024023
A. Lourini, M. El Azzouzi and M. Laabissi. Exact controllability of conformable linear systems with semilinear boundary control. Nonlinear Anal. Model. Control, 31(1):110–130, 2026. https://doi.org/10.15388/namc.2026.31.44149
K. Mathiyalagan, T. Renugadevi, A.S. Nidhi, Y.-K. Ma and J. Cao. Boundary state feedback control for semilinear fractional-order reaction diffusion systems. Chaos Solitons Fractals, 162:112428, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112428
L. Rabhi, M. Al Horani and R. Khalil. Inhomogeneous conformable abstract Cauchy problem. Open Math., 19(1):690–705, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1515/math-2021-0064
L. Sadek. Stability of conformable linear infinite-dimensional systems. Int. J. Dyn. Control, 11(3):1276–1284, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-01061-w
M. Slemrod. Feedback stabilization of a linear control system in Hilbert space with an a priori bounded control. Math. Control Signals Systems, 2(3):265–285, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551387
R.G.F. Tiomela, F. Norouzi, G.M. N’guérékata and G. Mophou. On the stability and stabilization of some semilinear fractional differential equations in Banach spaces. Fract. Differ. Calc., 10(2):267–290, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7153/fdc-2020-10-17
M. Tucsnak and G. Weiss. Observation and control for operator semigroups. Springer, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8994-9
Z. Wang and W. Yao. Boundary feedback stabilization of quasilinear hyperbolic systems with zero characteristic speed. Math. Model. Anal., 30(2):299–321, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3846/mma.2025.20890
G. Weiss. Admissibility of unbounded control operators. SIAM J. Control Optim., 27(3):527–545, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1137/0327028
H.-C. Zhou and B.-Z. Guo. Boundary feedback stabilization for an unstable time fractional reaction diffusion equation. SIAM J. Control Optim., 56(1):75–101, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1137/15M1048999
H. Zitane, R. Larhrissi and A. Boutoulout. Fractional output stabilization for a class of bilinear distributed systems. Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo Ser. 2, 69(3):737–752, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12215-019-00429-w
View article in other formats
Published
Issue
Section
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.