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Experimental research of petroleum products evaporation

Abstract

Oil products are usually released into the environment during transportation of oil, from storage, oil bases or accidents, accounting for about 60% of total soil pollution. Heavy metals, phenols, cyanides, aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) also enter the soil together with oil products. After the contamination enters the soil, it affects the pH of the soil, the activity of the biota weakens due to the toxic elements that react with oxygen, the soil degradation increases. In the course of the dissemination of these pollutants, not only the soil, but also groundwater is contaminated – pollution by oil products and heavy metals creates 53% of all groundwater pollution. The aim of the research is to determine the lowest possible optimal temperature by choosing the temperature range of the heating temperature (100−300 °C) and to investigate the dependence of evaporation of oil products on the heating time. The minimum temperature is required to preserve the soil’s properties, reduce the amount of energy used and the cost of the method. During the heat treatment of the selected oil products, the vapor passes through the condenser and is collected in the form of a liquid, avoiding leaks, which is a safe way if toxic substances are potentially exposed at the site of heating (the method safely removes pollutants from mixtures). It has been established that in the temperature range 250−300 °C, clean oil evaporates intensively and achieve 90.1−97.1% efficiency over 2 hours and the maximum evaporation rate is at the first hour, in the case of used oil, an efficiency of 38.6−60.6% is achieved and vapor intensity at maximum after 2 hours of evaporation. This heating technology can be used to clean heavy soil fractions from contaminated oil products, and comparatively low temperatures (250−300 °C) will have less harm to soil properties than high-temperature methods (burning, glazing, pyrolysis).


Article in Lithuanian.


Naftos produktų garavimo eksperimentiniai tyrimai


Santrauka


Naftos produktai į aplinką dažniausiai patenka transportuojant naftą, iš saugyklų, naftos bazių arba avarijų metu ir tai sudaro apie 60 % visos dirvožemio taršos. Šiais atvejais kartu su nafta ir jos produktais (tepalais, dyzelinu, benzinu, žibalu, mazutu ir kt.) į dirvožemį patenka ir sunkiųjų metalų, fenolių, cianidų, aromatinių angliavandenilių (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno, ksileno). Teršalai, patekę į dirvožemį, paveikia dirvožemio pH, susilpnina biotos veiklą dėl toksiškų elementų, reaguojančių su deguonimi, poveikio, didina dirvožemio degradaciją. Vykstant minėtų teršalų sklaidai, užteršiamas ne tik dirvožemis, bet ir požeminis vanduo. Tarša naftos produktais ir sunkiaisiais metalais sudaro 53 proc. visos požeminio vandens taršos. Tyrimo tikslas – pasirinkus terminio kaitinimo temperatūrų diapazoną (100–300 °C) nustatyti žemiausią galimą optimalią temperatūrą ir ištirti naftos produktų garavimo priklausomybę nuo kaitinimo laiko. Minimali temperatūra reikalinga siekiant išsaugoti dirvožemio savybes, sumažinti vartojamos energijos kiekį ir metodo sąnaudas. Pasirinkto naftos produktų (tepalų) terminio kaitinimo metu garai pereina per kondensatorių ir surenkami skysčio pavidalu, išvengiant pratekėjimų. Tai yra saugus būdas, jeigu kaitinimo vietoje galimai yra patekusių toksiškų medžiagų (metodas saugiai šalina teršalų mišinius). Nustatyta, kad 250–300 °C temperatūrų diapazone švarūs tepalai garuoja intensyviai, per 2 val. pasiekiamas 90,1–97,1 % garavimo efektyvumas, garavimo intensyvumas didžiausias pirmąją valandą; garuojant vartotiems tepalams, pasiekiamas 38,6–60,6 % efektyvumas, garavimo intensyvumas yra didžiausias antrąją valandą. Šią kaitinimo technologiją galima pritaikyti sunkios frakcijos naftos produktais užterštam dirvožemiui valyti, o palyginti žema temperatūra (250–300 °C) mažiau pakenks dirvožemio savybėms, nei taikant aukštų temperatūrų metodus (deginimą, stiklinimą, pirolizę).


Reikšminiai žodžiai: naftos produktai, terminis kaitinimas, sunkiai laki frakcija, optimali temperatūra, garavimas.

Keyword : petroleum products, thermal desorption, heavy particle fraction, optimal temperature, evaporation

How to Cite
Aleknaitė, J., Paliulis, D., & Vaiškūnaitė, R. (2019). Experimental research of petroleum products evaporation. Mokslas – Lietuvos Ateitis / Science – Future of Lithuania, 11. https://doi.org/10.3846/mla.2019.10581
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