Share:


A review on life cycle cost analysis of buildings based on building information modeling

    Kun Lu   Affiliation
    ; Xueyuan Deng   Affiliation
    ; Xiaoyan Jiang   Affiliation
    ; Baoquan Cheng Affiliation
    ; Vivian W. Y. Tam Affiliation

Abstract

Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) plays an essential role in the economic sustainability assessment of buildings, and building information modeling (BIM) offers a potentially valuable approach to fulfilling its requirement. However, the state of LCCA based on BIM is unclear despite previously published works. Therefore, this paper aims to address this gap by reviewing 45 relevant peer-reviewed articles through a systematic literature search, selection, and assessment. The results show that three data exchange methods integrate BIM and LCCA through data input, calculation, and output. Precision management, optimization measures, and parameter analysis through BIM significantly improve the value of buildings. Also, a methodological framework is summarized that combines LCC with other indicators based on BIM to consider economic, environmental, and social impacts, which can be monetized to assess life cycle sustainability costs. These findings provide insights for scholars and practitioners.

Keyword : life cycle cost analysis, whole life cost, building information modeling, life cycle assessment, economic sustainability assessment, literature review

How to Cite
Lu, K., Deng, X., Jiang, X., Cheng, B., & Tam, V. W. Y. (2023). A review on life cycle cost analysis of buildings based on building information modeling. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 29(3), 268–288. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2023.18473
Published in Issue
Feb 22, 2023
Abstract Views
1764
PDF Downloads
1372
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

AbouHamad, M., & Abu-Hamd, M. (2019). Framework for construction system selection based on life cycle cost and sustainability assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 241, 118397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118397

Ahmad, T., & Thaheem, M. J. (2018). Economic sustainability assessment of residential buildings: A dedicated assessment framework and implications for BIM. Sustainable Cities and Society, 38, 476–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.035

Akhimien, N. G., Latif, E., & Hou, S. S. (2021). Application of circular economy principles in buildings: A systematic review. Journal of Building Engineering, 38, 102041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102041

Al-Ghamdi, M. A., & Al-Gahtani, K. S. (2022). Integrated value engineering and life cycle cost modeling for HVAC system selection. Sustainability, 14(4), 2126. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042126

Almeida, R. M. S. F., & De Freitas, V. P. (2016). An insulation thickness optimization methodology for school buildings rehabilitation combining artificial neural networks and life cycle cost. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 22(7), 915–923. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.928364

American Institute of Architects. (2007). Integrated project delivery: A guide. https://www.aia.org/resources/64146-integrated-project-delivery-a-guide

Ansah, M. K., Chen, X., Yang, H., Lu, L., & Lam, P. T. I. (2020). An integrated life cycle assessment of different façade systems for a typical residential building in Ghana. Sustainable Cities and Society, 53, 101974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101974

Antwi-Afari, M. F., Li, H., Wong, J. K.-W., Oladinrin, O. T., Ge, J. X., Seo, J., & Wong, A. Y. L. (2019). Sensing and warning-based technology applications to improve occupational health and safety in the construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(8), 1534–1552. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2018-0188

Babashamsi, P., Md Yusoff, N. I., Ceylan, H., Md Nor, N. G., & Salarzadeh Jenatabadi, H. (2016). Evaluation of pavement life cycle cost analysis: Review and analysis. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 9(4), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.08.004

Barlish, K., & Sullivan, K. (2012). How to measure the benefits of BIM – A case study approach. Automation in Construction, 24, 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.02.008

Bianchi, P. F., Yepes, V., Vitorio, P. C., & Kripka, M. (2021). Study of alternatives for the design of sustainable low-income housing in Brazil. Sustainability, 13(9), 4757. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094757

British Standards Institution. (2015). Sustainability of construction works. Assessment of economic performance of buildings. Calculation methods (EN Standard No. 16627:2015).

Bryde, D., Broquetas, M., & Volm, J. M. (2013). The project benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM). International Journal of Project Management, 31(7), 971–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.001

Build­ingSMART. (2021). The home of BIM. https://www.build­ingsmart.org/

Carvalho, J. P., Villaschi, F. S., & Bragança, L. (2021). Assessing life cycle environmental and economic impacts of building construction solutions with BIM. Sustainability, 13(16), 8914. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168914

Cavalliere, C., Habert, G., Dell’osso, G. R., & Hollberg, A. (2019). Continuous BIM-based assessment of embodied environmental impacts throughout the design process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 211, 941–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.247

Çelik, T., Kamali, S., & Arayici, Y. (2017). Social cost in construction projects. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 64, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2017.03.001

Cheng, B., Lu, K., Li, J., Chen, H., Luo, X., & Shafique, M. (2022). Comprehensive assessment of embodied environmental impacts of buildings using normalized environmental impact factors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 334, 130083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130083

Choi, J., Kim, H., & Kim, I. (2015). Open BIM-based quantity take-off system for schematic estimation of building frame in early design stage. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 2(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2014.11.002

Choi, J., Shin, J., Kim, M., & Kim, I. (2016). Development of openBIM-based energy analysis software to improve the interoperability of energy performance assessment. Automation in Construction, 72, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.07.004

Christensen, P. N., Sparks, G. A., & Kostuk, K. J. (2005). A method-based survey of life cycle costing literature pertinent to infrastructure design and renewal. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 32(1), 250–259. https://doi.org/10.1139/l04-077

Cole, R. J., & Sterner, E. (2000). Reconciling theory and practice of life-cycle costing. Building Research and Information, 28(5–6), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/096132100418519

Construction Specifications Institute. (2021). OmniClass. https://www.csiresources.org/standards/omniclass

Crippa, J., Araujo, A. M. F., Bem, D., Ugaya, C. M. L., & Scheer, S. (2020). A systematic review of BIM usage for life cycle impact assessment. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(4), 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-03-2019-0028

De Gaetani, C. I., Macchi, A., & Perri, P. (2020). Joint analysis of cost and energy savings for preliminary design alternative assessment. Sustainability, 12(18), 7507. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187507

Eleftheriadis, S., Mumovic, D., & Greening, P. (2017). Life cycle energy efficiency in building structures: A review of current developments and future outlooks based on BIM capabilities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 811–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.028

Elhegazy, H. (2020). State-of-the-art review on benefits of applying value engineering for multi-story buildings. Intelligent Buildings International. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2020.1806019

Elmousalami, H. H. (2020). Artificial intelligence and parametric construction cost estimate modeling: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(1), 03119008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001678

Fazeli, A., Jalaei, F., Khanzadi, M., & Banihashemi, S. (2019). BIM-integrated TOPSIS-Fuzzy framework to optimize selection of sustainable building components. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(7), 1240–1259. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1686836

Fu, C., Kaya, S., & Aouad, M. K. G. (2007). The development of an IFC-based lifecycle costing prototype tool for building construction and maintenance: Integrating lifecycle costing to nD modelling. Construction Innovation, 7(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/14714170710721313

Goh, B. H., & Sun, Y. (2016). The development of life-cycle costing for buildings. Building Research and Information, 44(3), 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.993566

Graham, K., Chow, L., & Fai, S. (2018). Level of detail, information and accuracy in building information modelling of existing and heritage buildings. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 8(4), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-09-2018-0067

International Organization for Standardization. (2006a). Environmental management, life cycle assessment, principles and framework (ISO Standard No. 14040:2006). https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html

International Organization for Standardization. (2006b). Environmental management, life cycle assessment, requirements and guidelines (ISO Standard No. 14044:2006). https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html

International Organization for Standardization. (2017). Building and constructed asset – Service life planning – Part 5: Life cycle costing (ISO Standard No. 15686-5:2017). https://www.iso.org/standard/61148.html

Jalaei, F., Jrade, A., & Nassiri, M. (2015). Integrating decision support system (DSS) and building information modeling (BIM) to optimize the selection of sustainable building components. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 20, 399–420.

Jalilzadehazhari, E., Vadiee, A., & Johansson, P. (2019). Achieving a trade-off construction solution using BIM, an optimization algorithm, and a multi-criteria decision-making method. Buildings, 9(4), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040081

Jansen, B. W., Van Stijn, A., Gruis, V., & Van Bortel, G. (2020). A circular economy life cycle costing model (CE-LCC) for building components. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 161, 104857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104857

Jausovec, M., & Sitar, M. (2019). Comparative evaluation model framework for cost-optimal evaluation of prefabricated lightweight system envelopes in the early design phase. Sustainability, 11(18), 5106. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185106

Jin, R., Zhong, B., Ma, L., Hashemi, A., & Ding, L. (2019). Integrating BIM with building performance analysis in project life-cycle. Automation in Construction, 106, 102861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102861

Juan, Y. K., & Hsing, N. P. (2017). BIM-based approach to simulate building adaptive performance and life cycle costs for an open building design. Applied Sciences, 7(8), 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7080837

Kehily, D., & Underwood, J. (2017). Embedding life cycle costing in 5D BIM. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 22, 145–167.

Kharazi, B. A., Alvanchi, A., & Taghaddos, H. (2020). A novel building information modeling-based method for improving cost and energy performance of the building envelope. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, 33(11), 2162–2173. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2020.33.11b.06

Khodabakhshian, A., & Toosi, H. (2021). Residential real estate valuation framework based on life cycle cost by building information modeling. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 27(3), 04021020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000479

Kim, K. P., & Park, K. S. (2018). Delivering value for money with BIM-embedded housing refurbishment. Facilities, 36(13–14), 657–675. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-05-2017-0048

Kirkham, R. J. (2005). Re-engineering the whole life cycle costing process. Construction Management and Economics, 23(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190410001678765

Kloepffer, W. (2008). Life cycle sustainability assessment of products. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 13, 89. https://doi.org/10.1065/lca2008.02.376

Klöpffer, W. (2003). Life-Cycle based methods for sustainable product development. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 8, 157–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02978462

Lai, H., & Deng, X. (2018). Interoperability analysis of ifc-based data exchange between heterogeneous BIM software. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 24(7), 537–555. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.6132

Lai, H., Zhou, C., & Deng, X. (2019). Exchange requirement-based delivery method of structural design information for collaborative design using industry foundation classes. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 25(6), 559–575. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.9870

Le, H. T. T., Likhitruangsilp, V., & Yabuki, N. (2020). A BIM-integrated relational database management system for evaluating building life-cycle costs. Engineering Journal, 24(2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2020.24.2.75

Lee, C., & Lee, E. B. (2017). Prediction method of real discount rate to improve accuracy of life-cycle cost analysis. Energy and Buildings, 135, 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.020

Lee, J., Yang, H., Lim, J., Hong, T., Kim, J., & Jeong, K. (2020). BIM-based preliminary estimation method considering the life cycle cost for decision-making in the early design phase. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 19(4), 384–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2020.1748635

Li, J., Xiao, F., Zhang, L., & Amirkhanian, S. N. (2019). Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of recycled solid waste materials in highway pavement: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 233, 1182–1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.061

Liu, S., Meng, X., & Tam, C. (2015). Building information modeling based building design optimization for sustainability. Energy and Buildings, 105, 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.037

Llatas, C., Soust-Verdaguer, B., Hollberg, A., Palumbo, E., & Quiñones, R. (2022). BIM-based LCSA application in early design stages using IFC. Automation in Construction, 138, 104259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104259

Llatas, C., Soust-Verdaguer, B., & Passer, A. (2020). Implementing life cycle sustainability assessment during design stages in building information modelling: From systematic literature review to a methodological approach. Building and Environment, 182, 107164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107164

Lu, K., Jiang, X., Yu, J., Tam, V. W. Y., & Skitmore, M. (2021). Integration of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost using building information modeling: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 285, 125438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125438

Mahiwal, S. G., Bhoi, M. K., & Bhatt, N. (2021). Evaluation of energy use intensity (EUI) and energy cost of commercial building in India using BIM technology. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 22, 877–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-021-00352-5

Manoliadis, O., Tsolas, I., & Nakou, A. (2006). Sustainable construction and drivers of change in Greece: A Delphi study. Construction Management and Economics, 24(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190500204804

Martínez-Rocamora, A., Solís-Guzmán, J., & Marrero, M. (2016). LCA databases focused on construction materials: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.243

Marzouk, M., & Abdelakder, M. (2020). A hybrid fuzzy-optimization method for modeling construction emissions. Decision Science Letters, 9, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2019.9.002

Marzouk, M., Azab, S., & Metawie, M. (2016). Framework for sustainable low-income housing projects using building information modeling. Journal of Environmental Informatics, 28(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.3808/jei.201600332

Marzouk, M., Azab, S., & Metawie, M. (2018). BIM-based approach for optimizing life cycle costs of sustainable buildings. Journal of Cleaner Production, 188, 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.280

Matos, R., Rodrigues, F., Rodrigues, H., & Costa, A. (2021). Building condition assessment supported by Building Information Modelling. Journal of Building Engineering, 38, 102186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102186

Mirzadeh, I., & Birgisson, B. (2016). Accommodating energy price volatility in life cycle cost analysis of asphalt pavements. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 22(8), 1001–1008. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.945951

Moins, B., France, C., Van Den Bergh, W., & Audenaert, A. (2020). Implementing life cycle cost analysis in road engineering: A critical review on methodological framework choices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 133, 110284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110284

Motalebi, M., Rashidi, A., & Nasiri, M. M. (2022). Optimization and BIM-based lifecycle assessment integration for energy efficiency retrofit of buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 49, 104022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104022

Muller, M. F., Esmanioto, F., Huber, N., Loures, E. R., & Canciglieri, O. (2019). A systematic literature review of interoperability in the green Building Information Modeling lifecycle. Journal of Cleaner Production, 223, 397–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.114

Obrecht, T. P., Röck, M., Hoxha, E., & Passer, A. (2020). BIM and LCA integration: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12(14), 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145534

Olawumi, T. O., Chan, D. W. M., & Wong, J. K. W. (2017). Evolution in the intellectual structure of BIM research: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(8), 1060–1081. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1374301

Petro, Y., Ojiako, U., Williams, T., & Marshall, A. (2019). Organizational ambidexterity: A critical review and development of a project-focused definition. Journal of Management in Engineering, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000685

Phillips, R., Troup, L., Fannon, D., & Eckelman, M. J. (2020). Triple bottom line sustainability assessment of window-to-wall ratio in US office buildings. Building and Environment, 182, 107057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107057

Pučko, Z., Maučec, D., & Šuman, N. (2020). Energy and cost analysis of building envelope components using BIM: A systematic approach. Energies, 13(10), 2643. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102643

Rad, M. A. H., Jalaei, F., Golpour, A., Varzande, S. S. H., & Guest, G. (2021). BIM-based approach to conduct Life Cycle Cost Analysis of resilient buildings at the conceptual stage. Automation in Construction, 123, 103480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103480

Raposo, C., Rodrigues, F., & Rodrigues, H. (2019). BIM-based LCA assessment of seismic strengthening solutions for reinforced concrete precast industrial buildings. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 4, 51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-019-0239-7

Rausch, C., & Haas, C. (2021). Automated shape and pose updating of building information model elements from 3D point clouds. Automation in Construction, 124, 103561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103561

Rodrigues, F., Matos, R., Alves, A., Ribeirinho, P., & Rodrigues, H. (2018). Building life cycle applied to refurbishment of a traditional building from Oporto, Portugal. Journal of Building Engineering, 17, 84–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.01.010

Sadeghi, M., Elliott, J. W., Porro, N., & Strong, K. (2019). Developing building information models (BIM) for building handover, operation and maintenance. Journal of Facilities Management, 17(3), 301–316. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-04-2018-0029

Sandberg, M., Mukkavaara, J., Shadram, F., & Olofsson, T. (2019). Multidisciplinary optimization of life-cycle energy and cost using a BIM-based master model. Sustainability, 11(1), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010286

Santos, R., Costa, A. A., & Grilo, A. (2017). Bibliometric analysis and review of Building Information Modelling literature published between 2005 and 2015. Automation in Construction, 80, 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.03.005

Santos, R., Costa, A. A., Silvestre, J. D., & Pyl, L. (2019). Integration of LCA and LCC analysis within a BIM-based environment. Automation in Construction, 103, 127–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.02.011

Santos, R., Aguiar Costa, A., Silvestre, J. D., & Pyl, L. (2020a). Development of a BIM-based environmental and economic life cycle assessment tool. Journal of Cleaner Production, 265, 121705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121705

Santos, R., Costa, A. A., Silvestre, J. D., Vandenbergh, T., & Pyl, L. (2020b). BIM-based life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of an office building in Western Europe. Building and Environment, 169, 106568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106568

Saridaki, M., Psarra, M., & Haugbølle, K. (2019). Implementing life-cycle costing: Data integration between design models and cost calculations. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 24, 14–32.

Schneider-Marin, P., & Lang, W. (2020). Environmental costs of buildings: monetary valuation of ecological indicators for the building industry. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 25, 1637–1659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01784-y

Seyis, S. (2020). Mixed method review for integrating building information modeling and life-cycle assessments. Building and Environment, 173, 106703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106703

Shin, Y. S., & Cho, K. (2015). BIM application to select appropriate design alternative with consideration of LCA and LCCA. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015, 281640. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/281640

Soust-Verdaguer, B., Galeana, I. B., Llatas, C., Montes, M. V., Hoxha, E., & Passer, A. (2021). How to conduct consistent environmental, economic, and social assessment during the building design process. A BIM-based Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment method. Journal of Building Engineering, 45, 103516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103516

Soust-Verdaguer, B., Llatas, C., & García-Martínez, A. (2017). Critical review of bim-based LCA method to buildings. Energy and Buildings, 136, 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.009

Tang, S., Shelden, D. R., Eastman, C. M., Pishdad-Bozorgi, P., & Gao, X. (2019). A review of building information modeling (BIM) and the internet of things (IoT) devices integration: Present status and future trends. Automation in Construction, 101, 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.020

Tushar, Q., Bhuiyan, M. A., & Zhang, G. (2022). Energy simulation and modeling for window system: A comparative study of life cycle assessment and life cycle costing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 330, 129936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129936

Usman, F., Jalaluddin, N. A., & Hamim, S. A. (2018). Value Engineering in building information modelling for cost optimization of renovation works: A case study. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7, 431–435. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22856

Vitiello, U., Ciotta, V., Salzano, A., Asprone, D., Manfredi, G., & Cosenza, E. (2019). BIM-based approach for the cost-optimization of seismic retrofit strategies on existing buildings. Automation in Construction, 98, 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.10.023

Wong, J. K. W., & Zhou, J. (2015). Enhancing environmental sustainability over building life cycles through green BIM: A review. Automation in Construction, 57, 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.06.003

Wu, P., Jin, R., Xu, Y., Lin, F., Dong, Y., & Pan, Z. (2021). The analysis of barriers to bim implementation for industrialized building construction: A China study. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 27(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.14105

Yuan, Z., Zhou, J., Qiao, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., & Zhu, H. (2020). BIM-VE-based optimization of green building envelope from the perspective of both energy saving and life cycle cost. Sustainability, 12(19), 7862. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197862

Yung, P., & Wang, X. (2014). A 6D CAD model for the automatic assessment of building sustainability. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.5772/58446

Zanni, M., Sharpe, T., Lammers, P., Arnold, L., & Pickard, J. (2019). Developing a methodology for integration of whole life costs into BIM processes to assist design decision making. Buildings, 9(5), 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050114

Zhang, L., Yuan, J., Xia, N., Ning, Y., Ma, J., & Skibniewski, M. J. (2020). Measuring value-added-oriented bim climate in construction projects: Dimensions and indicators. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 26(8), 800–818. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.13893

Zhang, S., Li, Z., Li, T., & Yuan, M. (2021). A holistic literature review of building information modeling for prefabricated construction. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 27(7), 485–499. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.15600

Zhuang, D., Zhang, X., Lu, Y., Wang, C., Jin, X., Zhou, X., & Shi, X. (2021). A performance data integrated BIM framework for building life-cycle energy efficiency and environmental optimization design. Automation in Construction, 127, 103712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103712