Share:


Comparative analysis on international construction and demolition waste management policies and laws for policy makers in China

    Mingxue Ma Affiliation
    ; Vivian Wy Tam Affiliation
    ; Khoa N Le Affiliation
    ; Anthony Butera Affiliation
    ; Wengui Li Affiliation
    ; Xiangyu Wang Affiliation

Abstract

In the current age of enhanced environmental awareness, transformation to sustainable management in the construction sector is needed. China currently produces the largest amount of construction and demolition (C&D) waste around the world, but the average recovery rate of the waste was only about 5% in 2017. In order to investigate problems in current C&D waste management in China, a cross-national comparative analysis is conducted among China and seven selected countries (Japan, South Korea, Germany, Italy, Austria, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom), to compare legal texts of national policies and laws which relate to C&D waste management and are currently being used. Through the comparison, problems in management of C&D waste in China are investigated. The problems could be concluded to: (a) inadequate guidance on recycling, (b) lack of market incentives in utilising recycled materials, (c) incomplete knowledge of stakeholders’ responsibilities, (d) lack of penalty for other stakeholders, and (e) inefficient supervision system. By understanding these problems, this paper further provides recommendations to enhance the performance of C&D waste management in China.

Keyword : construction and demolition waste, waste management, comparative analysis, China

How to Cite
Ma, M., Wy Tam, V., N Le, K., Butera, A., Li, W., & Wang, X. (2023). Comparative analysis on international construction and demolition waste management policies and laws for policy makers in China. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 29(2), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2023.16581
Published in Issue
Jan 23, 2023
Abstract Views
1073
PDF Downloads
637
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Agamuthu, P. (2008). Challenges in sustainable management of construction and demolition waste. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 26(6), 491–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X08100096

Ahn, S.-J., Yoon, H. Y., & Lee, Y.-J. (2021). Text mining as a tool for real-time technology assessment: Application to the cross-national comparative study on artificial organ technology. Technology in Society, 66, 101659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101659

Ajayi, S. O., & Oyedele, L. O. (2017). Policy imperatives for diverting construction waste from landfill: Experts’ recommendations for UK policy expansion. Journal of Cleaner Production, 147, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.075

Akhtar, A., & Sarmah, A. K. (2018). Construction and demolition waste generation and properties of recycled aggregate concrete: A global perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 186, 262–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.085

Alhyasat, A. G., Al-Nsourand, Z., & Majar, H. M. (2014, Country report on the solid waste management in Jordan. German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Bonn/Eschborn, Germany.

Ali, A., Ezeah, C., & Khatib, J. (2016). Estimating construction and demolition (C&D) waste arising in Libya. In The 31st International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Amemiya, T. (2018). Current state and trend of waste and recycling in Japan. International Journal of Earth & Environmental Sciences, 3, Article ID 3:IJEES-155. https://doi.org/10.15344/2456-351X/2018/155

Armstrong, M. (2012). Armstrong’s handbook of reward management practice: improving performance through reward (4th ed.). Kogan Page.

Aslam, M. S., Huang, B., & Cui, L. (2020). Review of construction and demolition waste management in China and USA. Journal of Environmental Management, 264, 110445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110445

Austrian Standards Institute. (2015). Recycled aggregate for the construction industry. Austria.

Authority for the Supervision of Water Resources and Waste. (2006). Legislative decree. Italy.

Balachandra, P., Nathan, H. S. K., & Reddya, B. S. (2010). Commercialization of sustainable energy technologies. Renewable Energy, 35(8), 1842–1851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.12.020

Bao, Z., & Lu, W. (2020). Developing efficient circularity for construction and demolition waste management in fast emerging economies: Lessons learned from Shenzhen, China. Science of The Total Environment, 724, 138264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138264

Bao, Z., Lu, W., Chi, B., Yuan, H., & Hao, J. (2019). Procurement innovation for a circular economy of construction and demolition waste: Lessons learnt from Suzhou, China. Waste Management, 99, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.031

BIO Intelligence Service. (2011). Service contract on management of construction and demolition waste SR1. https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/0c9ecefc-d07a-492e-a7e1-6d355b16dde4

Blaisi, N. I. (2019). Construction and demolition waste management in Saudi Arabia: current practice and roadmap for sustainable management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 221, 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.264

Borghi, G., Pantini, S., & Rigamonti, L. (2018). Life cycle assessment of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste (CDW) management in Lombardy Region (Italy). Journal of Cleaner Production, 184, 815–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.287

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027

Brantwood Consulting. (2016). Guide for identifying, evaluating and selecting policies for influencing construction, renovation and demolition waste management. Canada. https://www.ccme.ca/en/res/crdguidance-secured.pdf

British Standards Institution. (2012). Aggregate for concrete. The United Kingdom.

Calabrò, P. S. (2009). Greenhouse gases emission from municipal waste management: The role of separate collection. Waste Management, 29(7), 2178–2187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.02.011

Central Government of the Netherlands. (2019). Waste tax. The Netherlands.

Chang, Y., Li, X., Masanet, E., Zhang, L., Huang, Z., & Ries, R. (2018). Unlocking the green opportunity for prefabricated buildings and construction in China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 139, 259–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.08.025

Chew, K. C. (2010). Singapore’s strategies towards sustainable construction. The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering, 3(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/19373260.2010.491641

Civil Engineering Contractors Association. (2018). Waste classification and permitting in construction. https://www.ceca.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/legacy-media/300067/ceca-waste-classification-and-permitting-in-construction-february-2018.pdf

Deloitte. (2015a). Construction and demolition waste management in Austria. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/deliverables/CDW_Austria_Factsheet_Final.pdf

Deloitte. (2015b). Construction and demolition waste management in Germany. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/deliverables/CDW_Germany_Factsheet_Final.pdf

Deloitte. (2015c). Screening template for construction and demolition waste management in Italy. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/deliverables/CDW_Italy_Factsheet_Final.pdf

Deloitte. (2016). Construction and demolition waste management in United Kingdom. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/deliverables/CDW_UK_Factsheet_Final.pdf

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. (2013). Waste management plan for England. United Kingdom. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/265810/pb14100-waste-management-plan-20131213.pdf

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. (2014). Waste (England and Wales) regulations. United Kingdom.

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. (2019). UK statistics on waste. United Kingdom. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/784263/UK_Statistics_on_Waste_statistical_notice_March_2019_rev_FINAL.pdf

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, & Department of Energy and Climate Change. (2010). Environmental permitting (England and Wales) regulations. United Kingdom.

Department of Agriculture Environment and Rural Affairs. (2003). Waste management licensing regulations (Northern Ireland). Northern Ireland.

Department of Agriculture Environment and Rural Affairs. (2013). Delivering resource efficiency. Northern Ireland.

Department of the Environment. (2011). The waste regulations (Northern Ireland). Northern Ireland.

Ding, Z., Wang, Y., Wang, H., & Wang, J. (2015). A comparison study of C&D waste management in Shenzhen and Hong Kong: A SWOT perspective. In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate (pp. 157–168). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46994-1

Du, L., Feng, Y., Lu, W., Kong, L., & Yang, Z. (2020). Evolutionary game analysis of stakeholders’ decision-making behaviours in construction and demolition waste management. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 84, 106408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106408

Duan, H., & Li, J. (2016). Construction and demolition waste management: China’s lessons. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 34(5), 397–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X16647603

Duan, H., Miller, T. R., Liu, G., & Tam, V. W. Y. (2019). Construction debris becomes growing concern of growing cities. Waste Management, 83, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.044

Duan, H., Wang, J., & Huang, Q. (2015). Encouraging the environmentally sound management of C&D waste in China: An integrative review and research agenda. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 43, 611–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.069

Esa, M., Halog, A., & Rigamonti, L. (2017). Strategies for minimizing construction and demolition wastes in Malaysia. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 120, 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.12.014

Eskelinen, H., Frank, L., & Hirvonen, T. (2008). Does strategy matter? A comparison of broadband rollout policies in Finland and Sweden. Telecommunications Policy, 32(6), 412–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2008.04.001

European Commission. (2000). European list of waste. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02000D0532-20150601

European Commission. (2016). EU construction and demolition waste management protocol. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/content/eu-construction-and-demolition-waste-protocol-0_en

European Union. (2018). Landfill management in the Netherlands. https://www.interregeurope.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_tevprojects/library/file_1531246928.pdf

Eurostat. (2019). Recovery rate of construction and demolition waste. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/cei_wm040/default/table?lang=en

Eurostat. (2021). Generation of waste by waste category, hazardousness and NACE Rev. 2 activity. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_wasgen/default/table?lang=en

Fang, S., Zou, G., Wang, H., & Yan, R. (2017). Investigation and inspiration on the recycling of foreign construction waste. Highway Engineering, 42(5), 154–167.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. (2009). Waste treatment responsibilities. Austria.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. (2012). Austrian ordinance for tracking waste. Austria.

Federal Ministry of Constitution Reforms Deregulation and Justice. (2002). Waste management act. Austria.

Federal Ministry of Constitution Reforms Deregulation and Justice. (2015). Recycled construction materials ordinance. Austria.

Federal Ministry of Justice. (2011). Waste catalogue ordinance. Germany.

Federal Ministry of Justice. (2017). Ordinance on the management of municipal solid waste and certain construction and demolition waste. Germany.

Federal Statistical Office. (2019). Waste management: brief overview waste balance. Germany. https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Environment/Waste-Management/Tables/liste-brief-overview-waste-balance.html

Gálvez-Martos, J.-L., Styles, D., Schoenberger, H., & Zeschmar-Lahl, B. (2018). Construction and demolition waste best management practice in Europe. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 136, 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.016

Gao, M.-Z. A. (2008). Construction & demolition waste management: From Japan to Hong Kong. Griffin’s View on International and Comparative Law. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1131984

Gao, Y., & Tian, X.-L. (2020). Prefabrication policies and the performance of construction industry in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 120042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120042

General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China & Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. (2010a). Recycled coarse aggregate for concrete. China.

General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China & Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. (2010b). Recycled fine aggregate for concrete and mortar. China.

General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. (2013). Green building plan. China.

German Federal Government. (1994). Act for promoting closed substance cycle waste management and ensuing environmentally compatible waste disposal. Germany.

German Federal Government. (2009). Ordinance simplifying landfill law. Germany.

German Institute for Standardisation. (2002). Aggregate for concrete and mortar. Germany.

Ghisellini, P., Ji, X., Liu, G., & Ulgiati, S. (2018). Evaluating the transition towards cleaner production in the construction and demolition sector of China: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 418–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.084

Higher Institute for Environmental Protection and Research. (2016). Special waste report in Italy. http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/it/pubblicazioni/rapporti/rapporto-rifiuti-speciali-edizione-2016

Hua, Y., Oliphant, M., & Hu, E. J. (2016). Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: A comparison of policies and status. Renewable Energy, 85, 1044–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.060

Huang, B., Wang, X., Kua, H., & Geng, Y. (2018). Construction and demolition waste management in China through the 3R principle. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 129, 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.029

Huijboom, N., & Broek, T. V. d. (2011). Open data: An international comparison of strategies. European Journal of ePractice, 12.

Hyder Consulting. (2011). Construction and demolition waste status report. Australia. https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/323e8f22-1a8a-4245-a09c-006644d3bd51/files/construction-waste.docx

Iacoboaea, C., Aldea, M., & Petrescu, F. (2019). Construction and demolition waste - a challenge for the European Union?. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 14(1), 30–52.

Inglis, M. (2007). Construction and demolition waste – best practice and cost saving. Willington, New Zealand. http://www.cmnzl.co.nz/assets/sm/2260/61/057-INGLISMahara.pdf

Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection. (2015). Construction and demolition waste. Israel.

Italian Ministry of Environment. (2003). Decree from the Ministry of Environment. Italy.

Italian Ministry of Environment. (2005). Green public procurement. Italy.

Italian National Unification. (2013). Aggregate for concrete. Italy.

Japanese Standards Association. (2006). Recycled aggregate for concrete – class L (No. JIS A 5023). Japan.

Japanese Standards Association. (2011). Recycled aggregate for concrete – class H (No. JIS A 5021). Japan.

Japanese Standards Association (2012). Recycled aggregate for concrete – class M (No. JIS A 5022). Japan.

Jeffrey, C. (2011). Construction and demolition waste recycling: a literature review. Dalhousie University’s Office of Sustainability.

Jin, R., Li, B., Zhou, T., Wanatowski, D., & Piroozfar, P. (2017). An empirical study of perceptions towards construction and demolition waste recycling and reuse in China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 126, 86–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.034

Kien, T. (2013). Recycling construction demolition waste in the world and in Vietnam. In The International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment for Now and the Future (SBE2013’), Hanoi, Vietnam.

Kleemann, F. (2010). Solid waste and wastewater managment in Austria and its possible application in reseouces-oriented sanitation systems in East Africa [Master’s thesis]. University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna.

Kofoworola, O. F., & Gheewala, S. H. (2009). Estimation of construction waste generation and management in Thailand. Waste Management, 29(2), 731–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.07.004

Korean Standards Association. (2014). Recycled aggregate for concrete. South Korea.

Levy, S. M., & Helene, P. (2004). Durability of recycled aggregates concrete: A safe way to sustainable development. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(11), 1975–1980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.02.009

Li, J., Ding, Z., Mi, X., & Wang, J. (2013). A model for estimating construction waste generation index for building project in China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 74, 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.02.015

Li, J., He, G., & Zhong, X. (2017). Research on policy instruments selection of construction and demolition waste recycling management in Japan, Germany and Singapore. Construction Economy, 38(5), 87–90.

Li, J., Zuo, J., Jiang, W., Zhong, X., Li, J., & Pan, Y. (2020). Policy instrument choice for construction and demolition waste management: The case study of Shenzhen, China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(6), 1283–1297. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-11-2019-0632

Liu, J., Gong, E., Wang, D., Lai, X., & Zhu, J. (2019a). Attitudes and behaviour towards construction waste minimisation: A comparative analysis between China and the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(14), 13681–1390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2247-0

Liu, J., Liu, Y., & Wang, X. (2019b). An environmental assessment model of construction and demolition waste based on system dynamics: A case study in Guangzhou. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(30), 37237–37259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07107-5

Liu, J., Yi, Y., & Wang, X. (2020). Exploring factors influencing construction waste reduction: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276, 123185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123185

Liu, W., Wang, Z., & Gao, S. (2018). Research on construction and demolition recycling law in developed countries. Legal System and Society, 9, 206–208.

Lu, W., Webster, C., Peng, Y., Chen, X., & Zhang, X. (2017). Estimating and calibrating the amount of building-related construction and demolition waste in urban China. International Journal of Construction Management, 17(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2016.1166548

Lu, W., & Yuan, H. (2010). Exploring critical success factors for waste management in construction projects of China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 55(2), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.09.010

Ma, M., Tam, V. W. Y., Le, K. N., & Li, W. 2020.Challenges in current construction and demolition waste recycling: A China study. Waste Management, 118, 610–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.030

Mackieson, P., Shlonsky, A., & Connolly, M. (2018). Increasing rigor and reducing bias in qualitative research: A document analysis of parliamentary debates using applied thematic analysis. Qualitative Social Work, 18(6), 965–980. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325018786996

Menegaki, M., & Damigos, D. (2018). A review on current situation and challenges of construction and demolition waste management. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 13, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.02.010

Merino, M. d. R., Gracia, P. I., & Azevedo, I. S. W. (2010). Sustainable construction: construction and demolition waste reconsidered. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 28(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X09103841

Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China. (2015). Circular economy promotion plan in 2015. China.

Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. (2011). Guidance on the comprehensive utilization of resources in the 12th five-year plan. China.

Ministry of Environment. (1996). Business waste reduction program. South Korea.

Ministry of Environment. (2003). Construction waste recycling promotion act. South Korea.

Ministry of Environment. (2008). Wastes control act. South Korea.

Ministry of Environment. (2010). Act for the promotion of saving and recycling of resources. South Korea.

Ministry of Environment. (2018). Enforcement regulations for the promotion of construction waste recycling act. South Korea.

Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China. (2008). Financial subsidy for recycled and energy-saving building materials. China.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. (1996). The national guideline, regulations for construction waste management in cities. Beijing, China.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. (2002). Notice on promoting the urban sewage and waste treatment industrialization. China.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. (2005). Regulations on urban construction waste management. China.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. (2010). Responsibility of the construction waste recycling department. China.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. (2011). Technical specification for application of recycled aggregate. China.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. (2017). The 13th five-year plan for construction in cities. China.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. (2018). Experimental programs of construction waste management in selected provinces. China.

Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. (1979). Environmental protection act. The Netherlands.

Ministry of infrastructure and Water Management. (2017). National waste plan 3 (LPA3). The Netherlands.

Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (2019a). Landfill in the Netherlands. The Netherlands.

Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. (2019b). Waste tax. The Netherlands.

Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism. (2002). Proper process on construction and demolition waste. Japan.

Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism. (2014). Construction recycling promotion plan. Japan.

Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism. (2018). Survey on construction and demolition waste in 2018. Japan.

Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism. (2020). Resultes from the survey on construction and demolition waste in 2018. Japan.

Ministry of Sustainability and Tourism. (2000). Hazardous waste specification ordinance. Austria.

Ministry of Sustainability and Tourism. (2003). Waste list ordinance. Austria.

Ministry of Sustainability and Tourism. (2008). Landfill ordinance. Austria.

Ministry of Sustainability and Tourism. (2014). Dismantling of buildings as a standard method of demolition. Austria.

Ministry of the Environment. (1970). Waste management and public cleansing law. Japan.

Ministry of the Environment. (1991). Resource utilization promotion act. Japan.

Ministry of the Environment. (Japan) (2000a). Basic act on promotion of recycling oriented society. Japan.

Ministry of the Environment. (2000b). Construction material recycling law. Japan.

Ministry of the Environment. (2008). Evaluation on practice of construction and demolition waste recycling. Japan.

Ministry of the Environment. (2019a). Governmental funds for waste disposal. Japan.

Ministry of the Environment. (2019b). Illegal dumping in 2017. Japan.

Nakajima, S. (2014). Barriers for deconstruction and reuse/recycling of construction materials in Japan. In S. Nakajima, &

M. Russell (Eds.), Barriers for deconstruction and reuse/recycling of construction materials (pp. 53–73), CIB Publication 397.

Nasution, M. I. (2017).The influence of supervision and work discipline on performance of state civil apparatus. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference “Sriwijaya Economics, Accounting, and Business 2017”, Palembang, Indonesia.

National Development and Reform Commission. (2011). Plan for comprehensive utilization of solid waste. China.

National Development and Reform Commission. (2017). Circular development plan. China. http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/yjzq/201608/W020160809394747079311.pdf

National Environment Agency. (2021). Waste statistics and overall recycling: Key highlights of the 2020 waste and recycling statistics. Singapore. https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/waste-statistics-and-overall-recycling

Netherlands Enterprise Agency. (2017). Registration of waste transporters, demolition companies, dealers and brokers. The Netherlands.

Nitivattananon, V., & Borongan, G. (2007).Construction and demolition waste management: current practices in Asia. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (pp. 97–104), Chennai, India.

Nugroho, R. P., Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., & de Jong, M. (2015). A comparison of national open data policies: lessons learned. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 9(3), 286–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-03-2014-0008

Oppong, G. D., Chan, A. P. C., & Dansoh, A. (2017). A review of stakeholder management performance attributes in construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 35, 1037–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.04.015

Ossio, F., & Castillo, E. (2012). Waste construction management in social housing projects. In PLEA2012 – 28th Conference, Opportunities, Limits & Needs Towards an Environmentally Responsible Architecture, Lima, Perú.

Pellegrino, C., & Faleschini, F. (2016). Sustainability improvements in the concrete industry: use of recycled materials for structural concrete production. Springer International Publishing.

Pernicova, R., & Dobias, D. (2016). Analysis of possibilities for using recycled concrete aggregate in concrete pavement. International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 10(8), 1032–1036.

Rostgaard, T. (2002). Caring for children and older people in Europe – A comparison of European policies and practice. Policy Studies, 23(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144287022000000082

Royal Netherlands Standardization Institute. (1988). Aggregate for concrete – determination of the chloride content. The Netherlands.

Royal Netherlands Standardization Institute. (1990a). Aggregate for concrete – determination of sulphate content. The Netherlands.

Royal Netherlands Standardization Institute. (1990b). Aggregate for concrete – determination of the composition of granular debris. The Netherlands.

Sáez, P. V., Merino, M. d. R., & Porras-Amores, C. (2011). Managing construction and demolition (C&D) waste – A European perspective. In 2011 International Conference on Petroleum and Sustainable Development (pp. 27–31). IACSIT Press.

Sakai, S.-i., Yoshida, H., Hirai, Y., Asari, M., Takigami, H., Takahashi, S., Tomoda, K., Peeler, M., Wejchert, J., Schmid-Unterseh, T., Douvan, A., Hathaway, R., Hylander, L., Fischer, C., Oh, G., Jinhui, L., & Chi, N. (2011). International comparative study of 3R and waste management policy developments. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 13(2), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-011-0009-x

Scottish Government. (2010). Scotland’s zero waste plan. https://www2.gov.scot/Resource/0045/00458945.pdf

Scottish Parliament. (2011a). The waste (Scotland) regulations. United Kingdom.

Scottish Parliament. (2011b). The waste management licensing (Scotland) regulations. United Kingdom.

Senaratne, S., Lambrousis, G., Mirza, O., Tam, V. W. Y., & Kang, W.-H. (2017). Recycled concrete in structural applications for sustainable construction practices in Australia. Procedia Engineering, 180, 751–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.235

Shen, L. (2007). Using bargaining-game theory for negotiating concession period for BOT-type contract. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 133(5), 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2007)133:5(385)

Somasundaram, S., Jeon, T.-W., Kang, Y.-Y., Kim, W.-I. L., Jeong, S.-K., Kim, Y.-J., Yeon, J.-M., & Shin, S. (2015). Characterization of wastes from construction and demolition sector. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, 4200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4200-0

Song, J., Jin, L., Zhao, Y. & Hu, W. (2017). Using bargaining-game model to negotiate compensation for the early termination of BOT highway projects. Transportation Research Part A, 105, 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.06.017

Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. (2003). Clean production act. China.

Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. (2008). Circular economy promotion law of the People’s Republic of China. China.

State Taxation Administration. (2008). Value-added tax on comprehensive utilization of resources and other products. China.

State Taxation Administration. (2011). Adjustment of value-added tax policies. China.

State Taxation Administration. (2016). Environmental protection tax law. China.

Tam, V., & Lu, W. (2016). Construction waste management profiles, practices, and performance: A cross-jurisdictional analysis in four countries. Sustainability, 8(2), 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8020190

Tam, V. W. Y., Tam, C. M., & Wang, Y. (2007). Optimization on proportion for recycled aggregate in concrete using two-stage mixing approach. Construction and Building Materials, 21(10), 1928–1939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.040

The Climate Group. (2014). Recycling of construction and demolition waste in China. https://www.theclimategroup.org/sites/default/files/archive/files/China-Construction-Recycling.pdf

Tokyo Bureau of Environment. (2018). Definition of construction waste in Japan. Tokyo, Japan. http://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/resource/industrial_waste/construction_waste/about.html

Torgal, F. P. (2013). Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste. Elsevier Science & Technology.

Ulubeyli, S., Kazaz, A., & Arslan, V. (2017). Construction and demolition waste recycling plants revisited: Management issues. Procedia Engineering, 172, 1190–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.139

Wang, H., Pan, X., Zhang, S., & Zhang, P. (2021). Simulation analysis of implementation effects of construction and demolition waste disposal policies. Waste Management, 126, 684–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.056

Wang, J., HongpingYuan, Kang, X., & Lu, W. (2010). Critical success factors for on-site sorting of construction waste: A China study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(11), 931–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.01.012

Wang, Q., Wang, S., & Li, X. (2015). Comparative and analysis of construction waste recycling policies at home and abroad. Construction Economy, 36(6), 95–99.

Wang, Z., Xie, W., & Liu, J. (2021). Regional differences and driving factors of construction and demolition waste generation in China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-10-2020-0887

Welsh Assembly Government. (2010). Towards zero waste. One Wales: one planet. https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-05/towards-zero-waste-our-waste-strategy.pdf

Wong, E. P. Y., Bauer, T. G., & Wong, K. K. F. (2008). A critical comparison of tourism policies of Hong Kong and Singapore – an avenue to mutual learning. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(3), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.656

Wonschik, C.-R., Brennan, J., Ding, G., Heilmann, A,. & Vessalas, K. (2014). Implications of legal frameworks on construction and demolition waste recycling – a comparative study of the German and Australian systems. In The 31st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining (pp. 523–530), Sydney, Australia. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2014/0069

Wu, Z., Yu, A. T. W., & Shen, L. (2017). Investigating the determinants of contractor’s construction and demolition waste management behavior in Mainland China. Waste Management, 60, 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.001

Wu, Z., Yu, A. T. W., & Poon, C. S. (2020). Promoting effective construction and demolition waste management towards sustainable development: A case study of Hong Kong. Sustainable Development, 28(6), 1713–1724. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2119

Yang, W.-S., Park, J.-K., Park, S.-W., & Seo, Y.-C. (2015). Past, present and future of waste management in Korea. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 17(2), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-014-0301-7

Yehia, S., Helal, K., Abusharkh, A., Zaher, A., & Istaitiyeh, H. (2015). Strength and durability evaluation of recycled aggregate concrete. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 9(2), 219–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0100-0

Yolin, C. (2015). Waste management and recycling in Japan: opportunities for European companies (SMEs focus). EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation, Tokyo, Japan. https://www.eu-japan.eu/sites/default/files/publications/docs/waste_management_recycling_japan.pdf

You, Z., Wu, C., Zheng, L., & Feng, L. (2020). An informatization scheme for construction and demolition waste supervision and management in China. Sustainability, 12(4), 1672. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041672

Youcef, K. (2014). Country report on the solid waste management in Algeria. German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Bonn/Eschborn, Germany. https://www.retech-germany.net/fileadmin/retech/05_mediathek/laenderinformationen/Algerien_RA_ANG_WEB_0_Laenderprofile_sweep_net.pdf

Yuan, H. (2013). A SWOT analysis of successful construction waste management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 39, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.016

Yuan, H. (2017). Barriers and countermeasures for managing construction and demolition waste: A case of Shenzhen in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 157, 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.137

Zhao, W., Leeftink, R. B., & Rotter, V. S. (2010). Evaluation of the economic feasibility for the recycling of construction and demolition waste in China – the case of Chongqing. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 54(6), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.09.003

Zhao, X., Leng, F., & He, G. (2011). Analysis on the standards of recycled aggregate from construction waste in developed countries. Structure, 11, 159–163.

Zhu, H., Hong, J., Shen, G. Q., Mao, C., Zhang, H., & Li, Z. (2018). The exploration of the life-cycle energy saving potential for using prefabrication in residential buildings in China. Energy & Buildings, 166, 561–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.12.045