The smartness profile of selected European cities in urban management – a comparison analysis
Abstract
The smart cities concept plays an important role in urban management worldwide as well as should be implemented with the participation of residents and with consideration for their needs. This study examines an analysis of the smartness diversity of European cities on the basis of the International Organization for Standardization 37120 norm dealing with sustainable development of communities. Cities with a higher level of certification exhibit more effective management and their residents show greater commitment to civic life. The assessment of the level of smartness was based on statistics collected by the World Council on City Data using Multidimensional Comparative Analysis. Hellwig’s (1968) synthetic indicators were used to create a ranking gauging the level of smartness of European cities which were classified into four groups. The investigation shows large disparities in the smartness of selected European cities.
Keyword : territorial management, spatial management, smart city, urban management, ISO37120, European cities
How to Cite
Hajduk, S. (2018). The smartness profile of selected European cities in urban management – a comparison analysis. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 19(6), 797-812. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2018.6358
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Hajduk, S. (2017). Bibliometric analysis of publications on city logistics in international scientific literature. Procedia Engineering, 182, 282-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.194
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Baclija, I. (2012). Measuring new public management at the local level: experience from EU cities. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 37, 23-37.
Bosch, P., Jongeneel, S., Rovers, V., Neumann, H. M., Airaksinen, M., & Huovila, A. (2017). CITYkeys indicators for smart city projects and smart cities (pp. 10-13). Retrieved from http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/CITYkeysD14Indicatorsforsmartcityprojectsandsmartcities.pdf
Braid, R. M. (2001). Spatial growth and redevelopment with perfect foresight and durable housing. Journal of Urban Economics, 49(3), 425-452. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.2000.2199
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.601117
Cohen, B. (2012). The smart city wheel. Retrieved from https://www.smart–circle.org/smart–city/boyd–cohen–smart–city–wheel/
Dall’O’, G., Bruni, E., Panza, A., Sarto, L., & Khayatian, F. (2017). Evaluation of cities’ smartness by means of indicators for small and medium cities and communities: a methodology for Northern Italy. Sustainable Cities and Society, 34, 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.06.021
Dameri, R. P., & Garelli, R. (2014, 18-19 September). Measuring business benefits and performance in smart cities. 9th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (pp. 137-144). Belfast, Ireland.
Dameri, R. P., & Ricciardi, F. (2015). Smart city intellectual capital: an emerging view of territorial system innovation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(4), 860-887. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-02-2015-0018
Dirks, S., & Keeling, M. (2009). A vision of smarter cities. How cities can lead the way into a prosperous and sustainable future. IBM global business services. Retrieved from https://www–03.ibm.com/press/attachments/IBV_Smarter_Cities_–_Final.pdf
Duran-Sanchez, A., Rio-Rama, M. C., Sereno-Ramirez, A., & Bredis, K. (2016). Sustainability and quality of life in smart cities: analysis of scientific production. In M. Peris-Ortiz, D. R. Bennett, & D. Perez-Bustamante Yaba (Eds.), Sustainable smart cities. Creating spaces for technological, social and business development (pp. 159-181). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40895-8_12
European Union. (2014). Mapping smart cities in the EU. Retrieved from www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507480/IPOL–ITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf
Fertner, C., Jørgensen, G., Nielson, T. A. S., & Nilsson, K. S. B. (2016). Urban sprawl and growth management – drivers, impacts and responses in selected European and US cities. Future Cities and Environment, 2(9). https://doi.org/10.5334/s40984-016-0022-2
Flynn, N. (2012). Public sector management. London: Sage Publications.
Fox, M. S. (2015). The role of ontologies in publishing and analyzing city indicators. Computers, Environment and Urban System, 54, 266-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.09.009
Giffinger, R. (2015). Smart city concepts: chances and risks of energy efficient urban development. International Conference Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems. International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems (pp. 3-16). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27753-0_1
Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanović, N., & Meijers, E. (2007). Smart cities – ranking of European medium–sized cities. Vienna, Austria: Centre of Regional Science, Vienna University of Technology. Retrieved from http://www.smartcities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf
Globalization and World Cities. (2016). The world according to GaWC 2016, Loughborough. Retrieved from http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2016t.html
Guyon, I., & Elisseeff, A. (2003). An introduction to feature extraction. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, 3, 1-25.
Hajduk, S. (2018). Instruments of spatial management in the context of sustainability – a multi-dimensional comparative analysis of the regional cities. Annual Set The Environmental Protection, 20, 1219-1233.
Hajduk, S. (2017). Bibliometric analysis of publications on city logistics in international scientific literature. Procedia Engineering, 182, 282-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.194
Hajduk, S. (2016). Smart specialization in the context of innovativeness in the regional spatial management. Proceeding of Selected Papers: Smart and Efficient Economy: Preparation for the Future Innovative Economy (pp. 542-549).
Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for smarter cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 54(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2010.2048257
He, F. (2017, 16-18 June). Research on evaluation system of smart city construction based on analytic hierarchy process. 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Computer Science (pp. 886-891). Shenyang, China. https://doi.org/10.2991/icemc-17.2017.179
Hellwig, Z. (1968). Zastosowanie metody taksonomicznej do typologicznego podziału krajów ze względu na poziom rozwoju i strukturę kwalifikowanych kadr. Przegląd Statystyczny, 4, 3070-327.
Hollands, R. G. (2014). Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu011
Howe, J., & Langdon, C. (2002). Towards a Reflexive planning theory. Planning Theory, 1(3), 209-225. https://doi.org/10.1177/147309520200100302
Horelli, L. (2013). New approaches to urban planning. Insights from Participatory Communities, Aalto University publication series, Aalto–ST 10. Helsinki: Unigrafia Oy.
Hu, X., Li, X., Ngai, E., Leung, V., & Kruchten, P. (2014). Multidimensional context–aware social network architecture for mobile crowdsensing. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(6), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6829948
Institute for Urban Strategies. (2016). Global power city index 2016. The Mori Memorial Foundation, London–New York–Paris. Retrieved from http://www.mori–m–foundation.or.jp/pdf/GPCI2016_en.pdf
IESE. (2017). IESE cities in motion. IESE Business School University Navara. Retrieved from https://www.mos.ru/upload/documents/files/9743/IESECitiesinMotionIndexIESECitiesinMotionIndex.pdf
Juniper Research. (2017). Smart cities – what’s in it for citizens? Retrieved from https://newsroom.intel.com/wp–content/uploads/sites/11/2018/03/smart–cities–whats–in–it–for–citizens.pdf
Kearney, A. T. (2017). Global cities: leaders in a world of disruptive innovation. Retrieved from https://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/12610750/Global+Cities+2017+–+Leaders+in+a+World+of+Disruptive+Innovation.pdf/c00b71dd–18ab–4d6b–8ae6–526e380d6cc4
Kobayashi Kaneko, A. R., Kniess, C. T., Ribeiro Serra, F. A., Nogueira Ferraz, R. R., & Ruiz, M. S. (2017). Smart sustainable cities: bibliometric study and patent information. International Journal of Innovation, 5(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.5585/iji.v5i1.159
Komninos, N. (2006). The architecture of intelligent cities: integrating human, collective and artificial intelligence to enhance knowledge and innovation. 2nd IET International Conference on Intelligent Environment (pp. 13-20). Athens. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:20060620
Komninos, N. (2011). Intelligent cities: variable geometries of spatial intelligence. Intelligent Buildings International, 3(3), 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2011.579339
Labra, R., & Sanchez, M. P. (2013). National intellectual capital assessment models: a literature review. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 14(4), 582-607. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2012-0100
Lesot, M. J. (2006). Outlier preserving clustering for structured data though kernels. Studies in classification, data analysis, and knowledge organization (pp. 462-469). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31314-1_56
Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., Farouh, H., & Yousef, W. (2012). Modelling the smart city performance. The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2012.660325
Lynch, M. (2015). Standardized indicators for resilient cities: ISO 37120 & The World Council on City Data. Retrieved from http://resilientcities2015.iclei.org/fileadmin/RC2015/files/pptx/Opening_Ple-nary_Lynch.pdf
Marsal-Llacuna, M. L. (2015). Building universal socio-cultural indicators for standardizing the safe-guarding of citizens’ rights in smart cities. Social Indicators Research, 130, 563-579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1192-2
McCarney, P. (2015). The evolution of global city indicators and ISO 37120: The first international standard on city indicators. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 31, 103-110.
Młodak, A. (2006). Analiza taksonomiczna w statystyce regionalnej. Difin, Warszawa.
Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times (pp. 282-291). https://doi.org/10.1145/2037556.2037602
Neirotti, P., De Marso, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in smart city initiatives: some stylised facts. City, 38, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010
Ntungo, C. (2007). Quality culture in government: the pursuit a quality management model. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 18(1-2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360601052071
Panek, T. (2009). Statystyczne metody wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej. Szkoła Główna Handlowa, Warszawa.
Pike, A., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Tomaney, J. (2006). Local and regional development. London-New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203842393.ch49
Rathore, M. M., Ahmad, A., Paul, A., & Rho, S. (2016). Urban planning and building smart cities based on the internet of things using Big Data analytics. Computer Networks, 101, 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.12.023
Ricciardi, F., & Za, S. (2014). Smart city research as in interdisciplinary crossroads: a challenge for management and organization studies. In L. Mola, F. Pennarola, & S. Za (Eds.), From information to smart society: environment, politics and economics. Lecture notes in information system and organisation (pp. 163-171). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09450-2_14
Rios, P. (2008). Creating ‘the smart city”. Retrieved from http://archive.udmercy.edu:8080/bitstream/handle/10429/393/2008_rios_smart.pdf?se
Roberge, I. (2013). Futures construction in public management. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 26(7), 534-542. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2012-0074
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