Ecologic performance and sustainability evaluation of a turbojet engine under on-design conditions
Abstract
Interest in air transportation in the last decade has seen aviation fleet growth and a rise in the energy consumption of aircraft. In accordance with the latest data, the air transportation sector consumes 7.5% of total oil consumption worldwide. This high share by air transportation forces designers and researchers to develop more efficient propulsion systems by considering the constant rise in energy costs. In the current paper, an exergy based sustainability assessment of a turbojet engine under design point conditions is presented while two novel ecological performance indicators, namely the ecological objective function and ecological coefficient of performance, are introduced for the turbojet engine. These ecological performance indicators can be considered useful for improving the efficiency of any turbojet engine. As a result of an exemplifying analysis, the exergy efficiency, exergy sustainability index, ecological objective function and ecological coefficient of performance have been calculated to be 50.13%, 0.503, 68.294 kW and 1.005, respectively. In the light of the results, the author concludes that the exergy destruction rate of the turbojet engine should be minimized to improve the sustainability index and ecological coefficient of performance, while increasing or maintaining a constant thrust of the examined turbojet engine.
Keyword : aviation, ECOP, exergy, propulsion, sustainability, thermodynamics
How to Cite
Şöhret, Y. (2018). Ecologic performance and sustainability evaluation of a turbojet engine under on-design conditions. Aviation, 22(4), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2018.7085
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Angulo‐Brown, F. (1991). An ecological optimization criterion for finite‐time heat engines. Journal of Applied Physics, 69, 7465-7469. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.347562
Arntz, A., Atinault, O., & Merlen, A. (2015). Exergy-based formulation for aircraft aeropropulsive performance assessment: theoretical development. AIAA Journal, 53(6), 1627-1639. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J053467
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Balli, O. (2017a). Advanced exergy analyses of an aircraft turboprop engine (TPE). Energy, 124(1), 599-612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.121
Balli, O. (2017b). Exergy modeling for evaluating sustainability level of a high by-pass turbofan engine used on commercial aircrafts. Applied Thermal Engineering, 123, 138-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.068
Bejan, A. (1996). Models of power plants that generate minimum entropy while operating at maximum power. American Journal of Physics, 64(1996), 1054-1059. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18306
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Coban, K., Colpan, C., & Karakoc, T. H. (2017). Application of thermodynamic laws on a military helicopter engine. Energy, 140(2), 1427-1436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.179
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Colakoglu, M., Tanbay, T., Durmayaz, A., & Sogut, O. (2016). Effect of heat leakage on the performance of a twin-spool turbofan engine. International Journal of Exergy, 19(2), 173-198. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2016.075604
Curzon, F., & Ahlborn, B. (1975). Efficiency of a Carnot engine at maximum power output. American Journal of Physics, 43(1975), 22-24. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.10023
Dincer, I., & Acar, C. (2017). Smart energy systems for a sustainable future. Applied Energy, 194, 225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.058
Dincer, I., & Cengel, Y. (2001). Energy, entropy and exergy concepts and their roles in thermal engineering. Entropy, 3(3), 116-149. https://doi.org/10.3390/e3030116
Ekici, S., Sohret, Y., Coban, K., Altuntas, O., & Karakoc, T. H. (2016a). Performance evaluation of an experimental turbojet engine. International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines, 34(4), 365-375. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2016-0016
Ekici, S., Altuntas, O., Açıkkalp, E., Sogut, M. Z., & Karakoc, T. H. (2016b). Assessment of thermodynamic performance and exergetic sustainability of turboprop engine using mixture of kerosene and methanol. International Journal of Exergy, 19(3), 295-314. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2016.075666
Ekici, S., Sohret, Y., Coban, K., Altuntas, O., & Karakoc, T. H. (2018). Sustainability metrics of a small scale turbojet engine. International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines, 35(2), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2016-0036
El-Sayed, A. (2008). Aircraft propulsion and gas turbine engines. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420008777
Ge, Y., Chen, L., & Sun, F. (2016). Progress in finite time thermodynamic studies for internal combustion engine cycles. Entropy, 18(4), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/e18040139
Gonca, G. (2016). Performance analysis and optimization of irreversible Dual–Atkinson cycle engine (DACE) with heat transfer effects under maximum power and maximum power density conditions. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 40(13-14), 6725-6736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2016.02.010
Grönstedt, T., Irannezhad, M., Lei, X., Thulin, O., & Lundbladh, A. (2013). First and second law analysis of future aircraft engines. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 136(3). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.402572715/1.4025727
Hayes, D., Lone, M., Whidborne, J., Camberos, J., & Coetzee, E. (2017). Adopting exergy analysis for use in aerospace. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 93, 73-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2017.07.004
Hepbasli, A. (2008). A key review on exergetic analysis and assessment of renewable energy resources for a sustainable future. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(3), 593-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.10.001
Hepbasli, A. (2016). Proposing an exergy management system standard for establishing exergetically green aviation. International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 2(4), 271-283. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSA.2016.082196
International Energy Agency. (2017). World Energy Outlook. OECD/IEA.
Kaushik, S., & Kumar, S. (2000). Finite time thermodynamic analysis of endoreversible Stirling heat engine with regenerative losses. Energy, 25(10), 989-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(00)00023-2
Kaya, N., Turan, Ö., Karakoç, T. H., & Midilli, A. (2016). Parametric study of exergetic sustainability performances of a high altitude long endurance unmanned air vehicle using hydrogen fuel. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(19), 8323-8336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.09.007
Kotas, T., Mayhew, Y., & Raichura, R. (1995). Nomenclature for exergy analysis, proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, Part A. Journal of Power and Energy, 209(4), 275-280. https://doi.org/10.1243/PIME_PROC_1995_209_006_01
Lemmon, E., Jacobsen, R., Penoncello, S., & Friend, D. (2000). Thermodynamic properties of air and mixtures of nitrogen, argon, and oxygen from 60 to 2000 K at pressures to 2000 MPa. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 29, 331-385. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1285884
Mishra, S., & Sanjay. (2018). Energy and exergy analysis of air-film cooled gas turbine cycle: Effect of radiative heat transfer on blade coolant requirement. Applied Thermal Engineering, 129(25), 1403-1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.10.128
Moghaddam, E. A., Ahlgren, S., Hulteberg, C., & Nordberg, Å. (2015). Energy balance and global warming potential of biogasbased fuels from a life cycle perspective. Fuel Processing Technology, 132, 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.12.014
Mousapour, A., Hajipour, A., Rashidi, M., & Freidoonimehr, N. (2016). Performance evaluation of an irreversible Miller cycle comparing FTT (finite-time thermodynamics) analysis and ANN (artificial neural network) prediction. Energy, 94(1), 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.073
Najjar, Y., & AbuEisheh, H. (2016). Exergy analysis and greening performance carpets for turbojet engines. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 25(2), 262-274. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1810232816020119
Özel, G., Açıkkalp, E., & Yamık, H. (2015). Methods used for evaluating irreversible Brayton cycle and comparing them. International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 1(3), 288-298. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSA.2015.070376
Riggins, D., Moorhouse, D., & Camberos, J. (2010). Characterization of aerospace vehicle performance and mission analysis using thermodynamic availability. Journal of Aircraft, 47(3), 904-916. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.46420
Riggins, D., Taylor, T., & Moorhouse, D. (2006). Methodology for performance analysis of aerospace vehicles using the laws of thermodynamics. Journal of Aircraft, 43(4), 953-963. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.16426
Romero, J. C., & Linares, P. (2014). Exergy as a global energy sustainability indicator: A review of the state of the art. Re newable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 33, 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.012
Rosen, M., Dincer, I., & Kanoglu, M. (2008). Role of exergy in increasing efficiency and sustainability and reducing environmental impact. Energy Policy, 36(1), 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.09.006
Rosen, M., & Etele, J. (2004). Aerospace systems and exergy analysis: applications and methodology development needs. International Journal of Exergy, 1(4), 411-425. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2004.005786
Şöhret , Y., Ekici, S., Altuntaş, Ö., Hepbasli, A., & Karakoç, T. H. (2016). Exergy as a useful tool for the performance assessment of aircraft gas turbine engines: A key review. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 83, 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2016.03.001
Tai, V., See, P., & Mares, C. (2014). Optimisation of energy and exergy of turbofan engines using genetic algorithms. International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 1(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSA.2014.062866
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