Transport
type: channel
description: The journal TRANSPORT publishes articles in the fields of: transport policy; fundamentals of the transport system; technology for carrying passengers and freight using road, railway, inland waterways, sea and air transport; technology for multimodal transportation and logistics; loading technology; roads, railways; airports, ports; traffic safety and environment protection; design, manufacture and exploitation of motor vehicles; pipeline transport; transport energetics; fuels, lubricants and maintenance materials; teamwork of customs and transport; transport information technologies; transport economics and management; transport standards; transport educology and history, etc. More information ...
publisher: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
language: en
publication name: Transport
issn: 1648-4142
copyright: Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
items: Co-governance of online car-hailing operation based on passenger feedback
items: Assessing sustainability in BRI railway projects with a novel integrated fuzzy methodology
items: Tourists′ local buses ridership and pandemic resilience: a smart card data analysis in Southern Catalonia
items: An evaluation study on immigrants′ transport system adaptation behaviour: Turkey example
items: The approach to optimization of the structure of the repair process of aviation radio equipment
items: Accessibility of public transport for people with disabilities: a systematic literature review
items: The impact of basic traffic flow characteristics on traffic accident occurrence on 2-lane rural roads in Serbia
items: A case study of the use of statistical processing of the armature rotation irregularities for the diagnostics of locomotive traction electric motors
items: Real-time information-based combined control method for bus delay
items: Viability of automation, robotization and intelligent systems in the last-mile delivery: a roadmap for future research
items: Forecasting short-term passenger flow on a bus route: a splitting–integrating method based on passenger travel behavior
items: Reducing CO2 emissions by improving road design: a driving simulator study
items: Well-to-wheel analysis of the emissions from the electric buses used in Poland and Czechia
items: Risk analysis of road traffic accidents in Ukraine
items: Multidimensional cost analysis of Europe–Asia container transport routes
items: The operational resilience evaluation method as a tool for decision-making during traffic disruptions in the railway system
items: Designing a sustainable closed-loop supply chain using robust possibilistic-stochastic programming in pentagonal fuzzy numbers
items: A multi-objective fuzzy optimization model for multi-type aircraft flight scheduling problem
items: Computer-aided simulation of unmanned aerial vehicle composite structure dynamics
items: Railway transport system modelling approach for robustness analysis
items: Spatial partition for heterogeneous city networks composed of factors that influence the distribution of the macroscopic fundamental diagram
items: Starting driving style recognition of electric city bus based on deep learning and CAN data
items: Funiculars in Lithuania: from the fruit basket to Gediminas Hill
items: Multi-criteria decision-making for solving transport sustainability issues: an overview
items: Optimal integrated location and dispatching decisions for feeder bus route design problem
items: How should the sustainability of the location of dry ports be measured? A proposed methodology using Bayesian networks and multi-criteria decision analysis
items: Twice clustering based hybrid model for short-term passenger flow forecasting
items: Examining failures in rubber-cord couplings within ER2 series electric trains
items: Exploring potential car trips for long-distance school escorting using smart card data and a household travel survey
items: The impact of ESG strategies on growth in the logistics industry

Co-governance of online car-hailing operation based on passenger feedback
type: item
description: The illegal operation of online car drivers is a recurring issue that has garnered significant societal attention. The literature has investigated this problem primarily from the perspectives of the government, platforms, and drivers, while the mechanisms for co-governance among different stakeholders in addressing illegal online car-hailing operations have received limited focus. Additionally, the role of passengers in the online car-hailing process has not been sufficiently explored, leading to a lack of systematic research conclusions and inherent limitations. To analyse the evolutionary equilibrium strategies of participants under various scenarios and their influencing factors, a tripartite evolutionary game model involving passengers, drivers, and online car-hailing platforms was constructed. The decision-making behaviours of these stakeholders were examined through numerical simulation. The results indicate that by strengthening investigations and addressing illegal behaviours, online car-hailing platforms can significantly reduce the likelihood of drivers′ illegal operations. Furthermore, increasing the amount of guarantee deposits can increase drivers′ respect for regulations. Additionally, improving passenger satisfaction can be achieved by increasing compensation for participation in co-governance and increasing promotional rewards from platforms, thereby enhancing service quality. Strengthened supervision strategies not only boost platforms′ social reputation and management efficiency but also create positive incentives for strict supervision through penalty income. This study provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing the supervision of the online car-hailing industry, emphasizing the critical roles of strict supervision, positive incentives, and public participation in elevating service standards. The findings enrich the theoretical understanding of online car-hailing market supervision and offer innovative co-governance strategies aimed at foste…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: online car-hailing platform
  topic: keywords
subject: passenger feedback
  topic: keywords
subject: co-governance
  topic: keywords
subject: evolutionary game model
  topic: keywords
subject: illegal operations
  topic: keywords
creator: Jinlong Chen
creator: Xinrui Chen
creator: Lijuan Wu
creator: Yuriy Bilan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 230
ending page: 248
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.25584

Assessing sustainability in BRI railway projects with a novel integrated fuzzy methodology
type: item
description: China′s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and South–South cooperation have received universal concern over sovereignty and debt issue, despite their goal to promote development. In Africa, the rapid expansion of Chinese-funded railway projects has overtaken the development of systematic methods for evaluating sustainability, producing a serious gap in decision-making. To address this challenge, this study proposes an integrated methodological approach, i.e., Delphi, PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment (PIPRECIA), Logarithmic Percentage Change-Driven Objective Weighting (LOPCOW), and Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) methods within the p, q Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets (p, q ROFSs) to assess sustainability performance under high uncertainty. The findings indicate that trade facilitation, job creation, debt sustainability, accessibility and connectivity, and safety and security are the most significant criteria for sustainability. Among the projects assessed, the Nairobi – Mombasa Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project exhibits greatest sustainability performance, followed by the Addis Ababa – Djibouti railway while others indicated weakened outcomes because of restricted freight integration. These findings recommend that future projects should prioritize powerful trade and freight connections, guarantee employment creation and skills transfer, and implementing financing models that safeguard debt sustainability. In doing so, policymakers, managers, and planners can reinforce regional integration, improve the long-term socio-economic advantages, and obtain the operational and financial viability of extensive railway investments in Africa.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: sustainability performance analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese railway project
  topic: keywords
subject: developing country
  topic: keywords
subject: multi-criteria decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: p, q rung orthopair fuzzy sets (p, q ROFSs)
  topic: keywords
subject: p, q ROFS–Delphi–PIPRECIA–LOPCOW–EDAS
  topic: keywords
creator: Mouhamed Bayane Bouraima
creator: Simeng Dong
creator: Ahmet Aytekin
creator: Zhuanyun Yang
creator: Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani
creator: Su Qian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
starting page: 197
ending page: 229
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.25439

Tourists′ local buses ridership and pandemic resilience: a smart card data analysis in Southern Catalonia
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic′s harmful effects have varied across economic sectors and been particularly adverse for the transport and tourism sectors. This article analyses the pandemic′s impact on tourists′ use of public transport since 2020, including its patterns of change and general decline, using data from more than 40000 smart card holders considered to be summertime users during the peak tourist season in Camp de Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). 3 model-based clustering analyses of pre-pandemic data from 2019 were performed and used to classify data generated since the pandemic began in 2020. The 1st model included variables of each smart card′s volume of activity, the 2nd model analysed the concentration or spatial dispersion of validated uses of each card, and the 3rd model examined the temporal dimension of the use of smart cards depending on the defined objective. Among the major findings, the number of journeys plunged by 92% in summer 2020 – that is, by far more than throughout the year (64%), which suggests a higher loss of travellers linked with tourism activities (e.g., tourists, 2nd-residence owners, and workers in the tourism sector). Regarding the spatial dimension, patterns with minor reductions related to trips taken within cities (45%) or between major cities (78%). By contrast, travellers with sprawled patterns fell the use by 93%. Last, profiles obtained from variables of a temporary nature presented similar percentages of losses; the most significant losses were for use distributed throughout the day (91.81%) and throughout the night (90.12%). This article provides valuable insights into the pandemic′s varied effects on the use of public transport during peak season at a tourist destination, insights that could inform policies and actions to ensure a more robust response to future crises.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: public transport
  topic: keywords
subject: tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: smart card data
  topic: keywords
subject: traveller profile
  topic: keywords
subject: resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: Aaron Gutiérrez
creator: Leonardo Monteiro-Fialho
creator: Sergio Trilles
creator: Benito Zaragozí
creator: Carlos Granell
creator: Daniel Miravet
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
starting page: 173
ending page: 196
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.24650

An evaluation study on immigrants′ transport system adaptation behaviour: Turkey example
type: item
description: Global migration patterns have led to significant population shifts, particularly in regions such as Turkey, which has experienced a substantial influx of immigrants due to political crises, economic instability, and armed conflicts. This study examines the adaptation behaviour of immigrants to Turkey′s transport system, identifying key challenges, expectations, and integration patterns. Using survey data from immigrants in Turkey, the study explores the role of demographic factors, prior transport experiences, and socio-economic conditions in shaping mobility choices. The findings indicate that while many aspects of Turkey′s transport system are familiar to immigrants, significant barriers such as high travel costs, unclear traffic signage, and language-related difficulties hinder complete adaptation. Younger, higher-educated immigrants and those from culturally similar backgrounds demonstrate a faster integration process, whereas older immigrants and those with limited educational backgrounds face more significant obstacles. Statistical analyses, including multiple linear regression and decision tree classifier, reveal that age is the most significant predictor of long-term transport adaptation. Additionally, the study highlights that as the duration of stay increases, immigrants exhibit a higher reliance on public transportation, with ownership of private vehicles gradually rising among long-term residents. The research underscores the need for policy interventions, such as reducing transport costs, improving multilingual signage, and offering integration programs to enhance immigrant mobility. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and transport authorities striving to develop more inclusive and efficient transport systems.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: immigrants
  topic: keywords
subject: transportation
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: decision tree classifier
  topic: keywords
subject: survey
  topic: keywords
creator: Metin Mutlu Aydin
creator: Eren Dağli
creator: Mehmet Sıddık Çadirci
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-05
publication date: 2025-06-05
starting page: 35
ending page: 49
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.24066

The approach to optimization of the structure of the repair process of aviation radio equipment
type: item
description: The Operation System (OS) of Aviation Radio Equipment (ARE) includes such elements as equipment, organizational structure, processes, documentation, personnel, measuring equipment, consumables and information resources, and others. When considering the problems of primary design and modernization of OSs, a large number of problems arise that can be solved with the help of intelligent decision support systems. During the operation of ARE, significant material resources are consumed, the amount of which is usually random. Therefore, during design, one of the main tasks is to ensure the minimum costs. This article considers the task of cost optimization within the organizational structure of the repair process. At the same time, the article provides analytical equations that allow to calculate and estimate operational costs for a given organizational structure, tariffs for repair and delivery of equipment components, and failure flow parameters. Attention is also paid to the task of rationalizing the organizational structure of the repair process, taking into account the efficiency of the decision-making procedures depending on the failure type (simple or complex). In addition, the article considers an example of several scenarios for the possible placement of repair enterprises in the airports of Ukraine during the post-war reconstruction period.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: operational cost optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational structure
  topic: keywords
subject: airport planning
  topic: keywords
subject: intelligent systems
  topic: keywords
subject: aviation radio equipment
  topic: keywords
subject: operation
  topic: keywords
subject: repair
  topic: keywords
creator: Maksym Zaliskyi
creator: Viktoriia Ivannikova
creator: Oleksandr Solomentsev
creator: Ivan Ostroumov
creator: Nataliia Kuzmenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-05
publication date: 2025-06-05
starting page: 50
ending page: 63
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.24012

Accessibility of public transport for people with disabilities: a systematic literature review
type: item
description: The use of public transport is a facilitator for the development of people′s abilities and a channel for their participation in society. Mobility limitations are a cause of social exclusion and people with disabilities is one of the groups most likely to suffer from it. Problems using public transportation are among the main causes for this exclusion. The aim of this research is to conduct a systematic review of the published literature on to public transport accessibility for people with disabilities. We have found articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals between 2010 and 2022, searching in Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) and Scopus databases implementing the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology and applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Of the 2224 documents found during the initial search, we selected 65 articles according to the criteria used, more than 60% of them published in the last 4 years. Despite the growing literature on public transport and disability, there is still little research into this area, with the urban bus being the most studied mode of transport; and physical disability the most analysed in the articles identified.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: public transport
  topic: keywords
subject: transport policy
  topic: keywords
subject: disability
  topic: keywords
subject: accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: transport disadvantaged
  topic: keywords
subject: literature review
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan L. Elorduy
creator: Angel M. Gento
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
starting page: 74
ending page: 93
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.23562

The impact of basic traffic flow characteristics on traffic accident occurrence on 2-lane rural roads in Serbia
type: item
description: Basic traffic flow characteristics, such as volume and speed, represent the key criteria for estimating the level of service and traffic safety. Numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of determining the impact of the basic traffic flow characteristics on traffic accident occurrence. However, the mutual impact of traffic volume and speed characteristics has not been examined to a sufficient degree. Therefore, the authors of the article analysed the mutual impact of average annual daily traffic (AADT), share of heavy vehicles in the traffic flow (%HV) and speed parameters (such as speed variance $\left( \sigma^2_{s} \right)$, average travel speed (ATS), speed limit credibility and percentage of exceeding the speed limit (%ESL) on traffic accident occurrence on Class I 2-lane rural roads in the Serbia. The article analysed spatial distribution and traffic accidents′ severity on homogeneous segments equipped with automatic traffic counters, which provided data on speeds and other traffic flow characteristics during a 5-year period. The application of generalised linear models led to the development of 3 negative binomial models with an natural logarithm (ln) link function for the (1) total number of traffic accidents (ACT), (2) property damage only accidents (ACPDO) and (3) injury and fatality accidents (ACI&F). The obtained results show that 3 variables are statistically significant in all 3 final models: (1) AADT, (2) $\sigma^2_{s}$ and (3) difference between the free-flow speed and speed limit $\left( \small\Delta S_{ff - {lim}} \right)$. All variables included in the final models are positively associated with the dependent variable. In other words, the rise of the values of AADT, $\sigma^2_{s}$ and $\small\Delta S_{ff - {lim}}$ variables increases the expected number of traffic accidents. The variable related to the %HV is statistically significant in the models related to the ACT and traffic accidents with injuries and fatalities, and it is positively a…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: traffic flow
  topic: keywords
subject: automatic traffic counter
  topic: keywords
subject: average annual daily traffic
  topic: keywords
subject: speed variance
  topic: keywords
subject: 2-lane rural road
  topic: keywords
subject: speed limit credibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Nemanja Stepanović
creator: Vladan Tubić
creator: Marina Milenković
creator: Katarina Halaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
starting page: 64
ending page: 73
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.20543

A case study of the use of statistical processing of the armature rotation irregularities for the diagnostics of locomotive traction electric motors
type: item
description: Locomotive Traction Electric Motors (TEMs) generate power to rotate the wheelsets of diesel or electric locomotives, electric or diesel multiple units. TEMs are the most critical parts of traction rolling stock on which exploitation costs, reliability and train traffic safety depend. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the possibility of diagnostics the technical condition of the TEM using the rotation irregularities of the armature shaft in the electric motor as a diagnostic parameter. The article analyses the main causes of TEM failures and methods for diagnosing electric motors in operation. The expediency of using the rotation irregularities of the armature shaft in the electric motor as a diagnostic parameter is substantiated. The structural flowchart of the device for measuring the rotation irregularities of the armature is presented. Diagnosing the mechanical part of an electric motor is chosen as an implementation example. The authors confirmed the connection between the technical condition of the electric motor and the statistical indicators calculated for the signal of the rotation irregularities of the armature shaft.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: locomotive
  topic: keywords
subject: traction electric motor
  topic: keywords
subject: defect
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnostic
  topic: keywords
subject: rotation irregularity
  topic: keywords
subject: statistical metric
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnostic signal
  topic: keywords
creator: Boris Bodnar
creator: Oleksandr Ochkаsov
creator: Tetiana Hryshechkina
creator: Viačeslav Petrenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-11
publication date: 2025-04-11
starting page: 24
ending page: 34
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.23229

Real-time information-based combined control method for bus delay
type: item
description: As environmental pollution and energy consumption become increasingly serious concerns, more cities are opting for electric buses over traditional fuel buses. However, the stability and reliability of electric buses during operation are challenged by the unpredictability of traffic flow and passenger demand. Factors such as traffic congestion, weather conditions, and fluctuations in passenger numbers can compromise the punctuality of electric bus services, often resulting in delays. To address these challenges, a real-time dual-objective bus control model for mixed traffic scenarios has been proposed. This model aims to minimize both passenger time costs and company operational costs. Factors such as intersections and traffic flow are also considered. A combined control strategy, including speed control and a backup bus replacement strategy, has been proposed. Speed control is specifically aimed at managing intersection delays, allowing buses to adjust their speeds to pass through intersections optimally between queue dissipation and the end of the green-light period. The backup bus replacement strategy, on the other hand, is implemented at bus terminals, where a backup bus replaces a delayed one to maintain the schedule. A heuristic algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is incorporated into the model, enhancing its effectiveness by iteratively updating the positions and velocities of particles in the search space. Harbin City Road 96 was selected as a case study for model validation. In the off-peak case scenario, schedule deviation was reduced by 89% through the implementation of the proposed speed control strategy. Additionally, passenger waiting time was reduced by 8%, and passenger travel time was reduced by 14%. In the peak case scenario, the proposed control strategy effectively eliminated bus departure delays originating within the bus system. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed model to significantly enhance the reliabilit…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: electric bus
  topic: keywords
subject: speed control
  topic: keywords
subject: backup bus replacement strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: dual-objective model
  topic: keywords
subject: heuristic algorithm
  topic: keywords
creator: Baoyu Hu
creator: Xinlei Song
creator: Yangyang Fu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
starting page: 105
ending page: 119
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.22886

Viability of automation, robotization and intelligent systems in the last-mile delivery: a roadmap for future research
type: item
description: Cutting-edge technologies in automation, robotization and intelligent systems are emerging in last-mile delivery. However, lacking knowledge on viability is limiting the application and transformation in the final stage of logistics chains. The aim of this article is to identify viable automation, robotization and intelligent solutions and discuss their association for last-mile delivery optimization. This article therefore presents a systematic review of automation, robotization and intelligent solutions, followed by empirical data collected from a workshop with practitioners and representatives of logistic companies, seeking to identify associated opportunities and challenges. The analysis resulted in 3 clusters of innovative solutions discerned upon functional characteristics. Furthermore, the acquired empirical data enabled co-relation from theory and practice to both ensuing opportunities and challenges. By analysing the input by practitioners in the field, we propose internal development and spillover effects as deriving opportunities, technical requirements, and societal concerns as emanating challenges. Based on the diversity of opportunities and challenges associated to each solution, this study proposes a roadmap for future research.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: automation
  topic: keywords
subject: robotization
  topic: keywords
subject: intelligent systems
  topic: keywords
subject: last-mile delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: big data
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistics 4.0
  topic: keywords
creator: Adriana Saraceni
creator: Rozali Oleko
creator: Lisi Guan
creator: Lieven Quintens
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-14
publication date: 2025-10-14
starting page: 141
ending page: 157
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.22883

Forecasting short-term passenger flow on a bus route: a splitting–integrating method based on passenger travel behavior
type: item
description: Short-term passenger flow forecasting is the key to implement real-time dynamic dispatching of buses, which can meet the travel time requirement of passengers with different attributes. In practice, it is difficult to obtain passenger attribute information due to the restriction of bus information systems or other conditions. This article proposes a new perspective on identifying passenger attribute information, that is, the correlation between the bus card number and the travel time is used to analyse passenger travel behaviour. Then using the travel frequency as the splitting boundary, the passenger set is split into different types of subsets, which are predicted by different methods. The total forecast values are obtained by integration, so as to explore the effectiveness of the passenger attribute identification and splitting–integrating method. The result shows that: (1) compared with the forecasting method without considering the passenger travel behaviour, the performance of splitting–integrating method is better, and the passenger attribute identification method is effective; (2) the value of the splitting boundary will affect the size and consistency of the subset, and the optimal value can be sought according to forecast results; (3) different types of subsets should be treated by different forecasting models and combination paths.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: short-term passenger flow forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: bus passenger flow
  topic: keywords
subject: passenger attribute
  topic: keywords
subject: passenger travel behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: splitting–integrating method
  topic: keywords
creator: Xiaoping Fang
creator: Mei Lin
creator: Weiya Chen
creator: Xin Pan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-24
publication date: 2025-02-24
starting page: 12
ending page: 23
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.20517

Reducing CO2 emissions by improving road design: a driving simulator study
type: item
description: In the last decade, the causes of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions were widely studied, to delete or, at least, mitigate them. In the road context, as reasonable, greater importance was assigned to the vehicles, since huge traffic flows, including high percentages of trucks, determine negative impacts on the environment. On the contrary, the role of the road infrastructure has always been considered marginal. It was thought as a functional element on which the traffic flows move, without evaluating the role of its geometrical characteristics on exhaust gas emissions. The proposed research aims to verify whether some road features, related to its horizontal geometry, influence the carbon dioxide production of vehicles or, on the contrary, if it is not sensitive to the different geometrical compositions. A driving simulator gives the opportunity to calculate the emissions from fuel consumption data, in turn, calculated through the engine mapping of an ordinary vehicle. The proposed procedure may be easily applied to any road context and may represent a further checking element for the infrastructure efficiency, in terms of environmental impacts. The results, derived from a test phase in a simulated environment and obtained using 3 different one-way ANOVAs, allowed the authors to define some interesting conclusions. The trend of the carbon dioxide function depends on curve radius and lengths and on tangent length; therefore, an opportune alignment design can effectively contribute to control emission values. The experiments confirmed that designing a consistent road is fundamental, but this cannot be deduced by traditional literature models.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: environmental impact
  topic: keywords
subject: fuel consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable transport
  topic: keywords
subject: road
  topic: keywords
subject: emissions
  topic: keywords
subject: CO2
  topic: keywords
creator: Gaetano Bosurgi
creator: Stellario Marra
creator: Orazio Pellegrino
creator: Giuseppe Sollazzo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-14
publication date: 2025-02-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.23228

Well-to-wheel analysis of the emissions from the electric buses used in Poland and Czechia
type: item
description: Road transport is one of the major sources of pollution. To solve this problem, alternative fuels with a lower environmental impact are sought. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of the life cycle of transport fuels in order to assess, which of them are more environment-friendly by taking into account the emissions generated during fuel production and vehicle operation. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular. This article discusses a life cycle approach to the assessment of transport fuels intended for electric buses. It presents a comparative Well-To-Wheel (WTW) analysis of the emissions from the buses used in Poland and Czechia by analysing their life cycle, with particular consideration of the production of the electricity required to charge electric batteries. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of an electric bus and a conventional diesel bus has been performed. The results of the analysis are expressed as Greenhouse Gas (CHG) emission ratios across the life cycle of the buses operated in Poland and Czechia.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: electric bus
  topic: keywords
subject: well-to-wheel analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: life cycle assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Poland
  topic: keywords
subject: Czechia
  topic: keywords
creator: Piotr Folęga
creator: Simona Jursová
creator: Dorota Burchart
creator: Pavlína Pustejovská
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-04
publication date: 2025-08-04
starting page: 94
ending page: 104
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.22887

Risk analysis of road traffic accidents in Ukraine
type: item
description: This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the causes of road transport accidents in Ukraine, focusing on the application of risk analysis to minimize economic and human losses. The study begins with a detailed examination of the current road safety scenario in Ukraine, highlighting the alarming statistics of road accidents and their consequences. The central aim is to develop effective strategies for controlling and managing the causes of road accidents. The research identifies the primary factors contributing to road accidents, such as exceeding safe speed limits, driving under the influence of alcohol, etc. A risk management system is proposed, encompassing the creation of a structured risk management framework, development of methodologies, and implementation of information and analytical systems. The article emphasizes the importance of continuous risk monitoring and assessment, including risk identification, analysis, and management. Statistical observations and analysis play a crucial role in diagnosing risks, which are then used to devise risk minimization measures and improve road safety. The study concludes with recommendations for risk-based decision-making and the implementation of targeted interventions to reduce road accidents and associated risks in Ukraine. First published online 11 February 2025
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: road transport accidents
  topic: keywords
subject: risk analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: traffic safety
  topic: keywords
subject: risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: statistical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: safety interventions
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleg Lyashuk
creator: Dmytro Mironov
creator: Volodymyr Martyniuk
creator: Viktor Aulin
creator: Oleg Tson
creator: Pavlo Maruschak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 350
ending page: 359
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.23190

Multidimensional cost analysis of Europe–Asia container transport routes
type: item
description: In this article, we propose a 3-dimensional framework for evaluating the costs of transporting goods between Europe and Asia, including direct transport, time, and Environmental Costs (ECs). We estimate the costs of alternative container transport routes, including direct sea transport via the Suez Canal Route (SCR) and the Northern Sea Route (NSR); direct rail connections via the Trans-Siberian Rail (TSR) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and intermodal transport options consisting of rail and sea transport legs. When considering environmental and Inventory Carrying Costs (ICs), the NSR is viable at least seasonally, whereas rail and intermodal alternatives remain more expensive. The results provide a robust estimate of the potential of alternative transport routes and modes. The inclusion of ECs in our analysis provides valuable new information to stakeholders on how to achieve the ambitious environmental goals while also considering the economic viability of different route options in Europe–Asia container trade.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Europe–Asia container trade
  topic: keywords
subject: transport corridors
  topic: keywords
subject: cost of transport
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental impact
  topic: keywords
subject: route selection
  topic: keywords
subject: transport policy
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomi Solakivi
creator: Tuomas Kiiski
creator: Aleksi Paimander
creator: Jarmo Malmsten
creator: Vesa Kilpi
creator: Lauri Ojala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 158
ending page: 172
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.22874

The operational resilience evaluation method as a tool for decision-making during traffic disruptions in the railway system
type: item
description: Basically, node connections and arc capacity issues are taken into account for resilience evaluation. Then, resilience investigation is mainly limited to catastrophic events with focus on the system layer. Nevertheless, from the operation point of view it is not enough to keep the correct node connection of the system but also to keep the appropriate process schedules. Thus, it is important to go beside the classical network (system) resilience and to develop the concept of operational resilience. In the typical resilience analysis, the main function necessary for resilience evaluation is the performance or functionality in time. Normally it is defined by one criterion, for example available railway lines, or number of trains, or hardly ever also punctuality. Therefore, the 1st aim of this article is to propose a multi properties functionality function, that takes into account operation process parameters like punctuality, delay probability, number of launched trains, and correctly assigned resources. 2nd, the article shows a tree stage fuzzy model to calculate the performance function using the incoherent process parameters. The multidimensional character of the functionality function is well covered by the proposed 3 stage fuzzy model. It makes it possible to put together different measures, and to calculate in an effective way the synthetic functionality/performance value. The model is in detail described as well as its developed including theoretical works, operational data analysis, as well as the experience of experts. The model description is followed by a railway case study, where scenarios elaborated by Experts are evaluated and compared, looking for the best one in terms of resilience. A resilient solution will be that one with the smallest performance/functionality loss in time. Basing on the case it can be concluded that the method is a step forward in resilience research. It has also a high practical potential due to simplification of very complex predi…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: recovery evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: railway transport
  topic: keywords
subject: operation processes
  topic: keywords
subject: fuzzy logic
  topic: keywords
creator: Franciszek Restel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
starting page: 120
ending page: 140
doi: 10.3846/transport.2025.22889

Designing a sustainable closed-loop supply chain using robust possibilistic-stochastic programming in pentagonal fuzzy numbers
type: item
description: The lack of information and hybrid uncertainties in Supply Chain (SC) parameters affect managerial decisions. It is inevitable to consider random uncertainty based on fuzzy scenarios and cognitive uncertainty to model a Sustainable Closed-Loop SC (SCLSC) problem. Using Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers (PFNs) has higher comprehensiveness and accuracy than triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers due to taking into account higher uncertainty, less lack of information, and taking into account maximum subjectivity Decision-Makers (DMs). There is a gap in the literature regarding the use of PFNs in SCLSC problems. This research presents a new model using PFNs to solve deficiencies in stochastic-possibilistic programming. Developing a Robust Stochastic-Possibilistic (RSP) based on PFNs under fuzzy scenarios, presenting measures of necessity, possibility, and credibility for making decisions founded on different levels of DMs’ risk, and proposing global solutions through providing linear programming models are the main innovations and contributions of the present research. An actual case study evaluates the presented approach to reduce the cost and carbon pollution in the stone paper SC. In the suggested method, trade-offs could be formed between the mean of objective functions and risk by modifying the robustness coefficients. According to the proposed approach, an optimal value of confidence is specified. Additionally, robustness deviations are controlled in the model, which results in more accurate and reliable results. Numerical simulations confirmed the efficacy of the robust approach proposed. First published online 7 February 2025
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: closed-loop supply chain
  topic: keywords
subject: possibilistic programming
  topic: keywords
subject: fuzzy scenarios
  topic: keywords
subject: robust approach
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable design
  topic: keywords
subject: stochastic programming
  topic: keywords
creator: Seyyed Jalaladdin Hosseini Dehshiri
creator: Maghsoud Amiri
creator: Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli
creator: Mehdi Keshavarz-Ghorabaee
creator: Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas
creator: Jurgita Antuchevičienė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 323
ending page: 349
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.23099

A multi-objective fuzzy optimization model for multi-type aircraft flight scheduling problem
type: item
description: This study proposes a multi-objective optimization model for an Aircraft Flight Scheduling Problem (AFSP) for assigning a set of aircraft located at different airports to conduct all flight trips. The proposed model features each flight trip with its own special aircraft type and fuzzy flight time. Moreover, a flight trip with a small aircraft being covered by a larger one is fully accounted for in the model. The model can effectively reduce the number of aircraft and achieve the minimum total idle time for adjacent flight trips covered by an aircraft. A novel heuristic algorithm based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is further designed to yield meta-optimal solutions efficiently for such a Non-deterministic Polynomial (NP) problem. Finally, a real airline scheduling example in China is conducted using CPLEX and the proposed heuristic algorithm to evaluate the difference between the proposed and traditional models. The results show that the given scheduling problem effectively enhances the operational efficiency of the aircraft fleet. First published online 28 January 2025
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: aircraft flight scheduling
  topic: keywords
subject: fuzzy flight time
  topic: keywords
subject: heuristic algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: multiple aircraft type
  topic: keywords
subject: multi-objective
  topic: keywords
creator: Ming Wei
creator: Shangwen Yang
creator: Wei Wu
creator: Bo Sun
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 313
ending page: 322
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.20536

Computer-aided simulation of unmanned aerial vehicle composite structure dynamics
type: item
description: The dynamic response of an aerial vehicle structure is a key parameter that must be determined before further aeroelastic phenomena can be analysed in the aerospace sector. Natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping can be measured or predicted through experimental, operational, or computational studies. To reduce the costs and complexity of experimental investigations, there is a demand for numerical models that accurately represent the structure′s dynamic behaviour. This article focuses on modelling composite structures, which are increasingly utilised in the aerospace industry and whose dynamic properties are heavily influenced by fibre directionality. ANSYS software and the ACP module were employed to develop a numerical model of a wet Epoxy Carbon UD (230 GPa) composite commonly used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) components. Ten layers of 0.1 mm thick carbon fibre were incorporated into the model to create a 1 mm thick composite plate, with fibres oriented at 0°, 30°, 45°, and 90° relative to the horizontal direction of the plate. The simulations demonstrated that careful consideration and modelling of the material significantly impact the values of natural frequencies and, more importantly, the mode shapes. First published online 28 January 2025
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: unmanned aerial vehicle
  topic: keywords
subject: modal analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: composite
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element method
  topic: keywords
subject: vibration
  topic: keywords
creator: Artur Kierzkowski
creator: Tomasz Kisiel
creator: Maciej Milewski
creator: Ádám Török
creator: Michał Stosiak
creator: Jakub Wróbel
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 302
ending page: 312
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.23159

Railway transport system modelling approach for robustness analysis
type: item
description: The article presents an approach to train traffic modelling that allows for the analysis of how railway networks respond to various disturbances, including increased traffic and disturbance events. It discusses different methods of reconfiguration actions in key points of the railway network, which helps reduce delay propagation in the transport system. The 1st part covers building simulation models, which include defining infrastructure, setting train routes, configuring rolling stock, and disturbance scenarios, enabling the analysis of various disruptive events. The simulations allow for testing disturbance scenarios with minimal downtime risk without interfering with the real-world environment. The study results identified key system parameters generating the largest delays, such as platform availability, signaling, and the number of block sections. Probability density distributions for event intervals and durations were analyzed. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to confirm the fit of empirical distributions with theoretical ones, which were then implemented in the model of railway line No 271, running from Wrocław to Żmigród (Poland). As part of the reconfiguration of this railway line, new platforms were added, the time required for route setting was reduced, and the number of block sections was increased. These actions significantly reduced average delays, improved line capacity, and enhanced the robustness of the railway transport system against disturbances. The reconfiguration effectively reduced delays in areas causing significant time exceedances above 359 s, which was recognized in the Polish railway network as critical. First published online 3 January 2025
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: timetable
  topic: keywords
subject: robustness
  topic: keywords
subject: simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: rail transport
  topic: keywords
subject: railway line
  topic: keywords
creator: Łukasz Wolniewicz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 287
ending page: 301
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.22877

Spatial partition for heterogeneous city networks composed of factors that influence the distribution of the macroscopic fundamental diagram
type: item
description: Using a Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) to implement partition control is effective in improving mobility in heterogeneous city networks. As one of the most complex issues in partition control, accurate sub-region partition is critical for control effectiveness. Current partition methods focus on the link density and precondition of existing MFD and disregard the factors that influence MFD distribution. To overcome this drawback, this study uses the characteristic value of the link and the intersection connected to the link as the analysis object and proposes an MFD sub-region partitioning method for large-scale networks. Firstly, the influences of road state parameters on MFD distribution are classified into traffic flow parameters, network physical properties, network operation mechanisms and emergencies. Simulation experiments are conducted to determine the degree to which these classifications affect MFD distribution. Secondly, a partition method combined with the link density and influence parameters of MFD is developed. The method is used for a preliminarily division of a road network through Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and depth partition by the Normalised Cut (Ncut) algorithm. Finally, a case study is conducted in an actual city centre network, and results show that the developed method is superior to the single method based simply on link density.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: partition control
  topic: keywords
subject: sub-region partition
  topic: keywords
subject: macroscopic fundamental diagram
  topic: keywords
subject: minimum spanning tree
  topic: keywords
subject: normalised cut algorithm
  topic: keywords
creator: Heng Ding
creator: Hanyu Yuan
creator: Xiaoyan Zheng
creator: Hanyue Ma
creator: Haijian Bai
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-21
publication date: 2023-12-21
starting page: 152
ending page: 164
doi: 10.3846/transport.2023.20424

Starting driving style recognition of electric city bus based on deep learning and CAN data
type: item
description: Drivers with aggressive driving style driving electric city buses with rapid response and high acceleration performance characteristics are more prone to have traffic accidents in the starting stage. It is of great importance to accurately identify the drivers with aggressive driving style for preventing traffic accidents of city buses. In this article, a starting driving style recognition method of electric city bus is firstly proposed based on deep learning with in-vehicle Controller Area Network (CAN) bus data. The proposed model can automatically extract the deep spatiotemporal features of multi-channel time series data and achieve end-to-end data processing with higher accuracy and generalization ability. The sample data set of driving style is established by pre-processing the collected in-vehicle CAN bus data including the status of driving and vehicle motion, the data pre-processing method includes data cleaning, normalization and sample segmentation. Data set is labelled with subjective evaluation method. The starting driving style recognition method based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is constructed. Multiple sets of convolutional layers and pooling layers are used to automatically extract the spatiotemporal characteristics of starting driving style hidden in the data such as velocity and pedal position etc. The fully connected neural network and incentive function Softmax are applied to establish the relationship mapping between driving data characteristics and the starting driving styles, which are categorized as cautious, normal and aggressive. The results show that the proposed model can accurately recognize the starting driving style of electric city bus drivers with an accuracy of 98.3%. In addition, the impact of different model structures on model performance such as accuracy and F1 scores was discussed, and the performance of the proposed model was also compared with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and random forest model. The method ca…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: CAN bus data
  topic: keywords
subject: deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: driving style
  topic: keywords
subject: electric city bus
  topic: keywords
subject: recognition
  topic: keywords
creator: Dengfeng Zhao
creator: Zhijun Fu
creator: Chaohui Liu
creator: Junjian Hou
creator: Shesen Dong
creator: Yudong Zhong
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-10
publication date: 2024-12-10
starting page: 229
ending page: 239
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.22749

Funiculars in Lithuania: from the fruit basket to Gediminas Hill
type: item
description: Technological advances in transport of the 20th century include aeroplanes, human spaceflight and Moon landings, submarines, and magnetic levitation trains. In the fast-paced world of technology, the achievements of previous centuries are often forgotten. One of the examples of human ingenuity is the funicular railway. Its technology has hardly changed over the years. Using a simple pulley system, passengers and freight are still lifted steep slopes with minimal energy consumption. This demonstrates the lasting value of simple solutions and engineering intelligence. The article discusses the world’s funiculars and their design characteristics. A correlation analysis for the number of funiculars per country (N) and the country mountainousness index (M) has been carried out. 3 types of regression models have been developed and their determination and correlation coefficients have been calculated. The highest correlation coefficient values are for quadratic and linear mathematical models. The critical values of the correlation coefficients were calculated and compared with the correlation coefficients obtained from the study. For all 36 countries, the correlation coefficient for N and M variables is above the critical value only when a quadratic regression model is used. The correlation coefficients for all models are above the critical value for the 15 economically advanced and tourism-developing countries. The study shows that the number of cable cars in economically developed countries is more strongly correlated with the degree of mountainousness of the country in question.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: passenger transportation
  topic: keywords
subject: public transport
  topic: keywords
subject: funicular
  topic: keywords
subject: development history
  topic: keywords
subject: technical characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Lithuania
  topic: keywords
creator: Lijana Maskeliūnaitė
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-18
publication date: 2024-12-18
starting page: 250
ending page: 263
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.22861

Multi-criteria decision-making for solving transport sustainability issues: an overview
type: item
description: With the recognition of the impact of the transport sector on climate change and human health, decision-makers are under the pressure to shape the transport sector in a more sustainable way, considering more sustainable options and technologies. Besides that, it is also important to ensure such aspects as affordability, security, reliability and convenience of transport services and the effective functioning of the whole system. Therefore, transport-related policy actions require not only an economic point of view, but also environmental and social actions. The article aims to overview the application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques for solving sustainability issues in the transport sector and to provide the main insights for methods and sustainability criteria selection. The Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were applied as the basis for the research. The detailed content analysis of studies is arranged according to the application areas and the methods applied. In order to increase the applicability of the performed analysis and to simplify the decision-making for further studies, the thematic areas for criteria selection are proposed, the most popular MCDM techniques alongside their advantages and disadvantages are briefly discussed.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: transport sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: multi-criteria
  topic: keywords
subject: MCDM
  topic: keywords
subject: SALSA
  topic: keywords
subject: PRISMA
  topic: keywords
creator: Indrė Šikšnelytė-Butkienė
creator: Dalia Štreimikienė
creator: Tomas Baležentis
creator: Leonardo Agnusdei
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-18
publication date: 2024-12-18
starting page: 264
ending page: 286
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.22915

Optimal integrated location and dispatching decisions for feeder bus route design problem
type: item
description: Dispatch centres are an important part of the feeder bus network, and their location affects the design process of the feeder route. In some remote areas with weak transport infrastructure, it is very important to find an effective tool to simultaneously select the optimal location of the dispatch centre as well as transit routing process, which could improve the performance of the feeder bus system. The purpose of this article is to present an integrated optimization model for joint location and dispatching decisions for Feeder Bus Route Design (FBRD). The proposed methodology can select a number of best dispatch centres in alternative sets and calculate the order of the demand points visited by the feeder route. The objective of the model is to simultaneously minimize the total construction cost of selected dispatch centres and the total operational cost of the designed feeder bus system. The methodology facilitates obtaining solutions using the design of an improved double population Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithm. For example, it redefines the solution coding and the heuristic used to randomly initialize the initial population. When applied to the design of a feeder bus system for a station at Nanjing (China), the results reveal that a reduced budget may lead to change in the location of the dispatch centre; a more distant centre is required, which may increase the total mileage cost of all feeder routes. A detailed comparison of the improved and standard BFO and CPLEX shows that the difference between solutions is acceptable. However, the calculation time is greatly reduced, thus proving the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: feeder bus route design
  topic: keywords
subject: dispatch centre location
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated optimization model
  topic: keywords
subject: bacterial foraging optimization
  topic: keywords
creator: Bo Sun
creator: Ming Wei
creator: Chunfeng Yang
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 240
ending page: 249
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.20522

How should the sustainability of the location of dry ports be measured? A proposed methodology using Bayesian networks and multi-criteria decision analysis
type: item
description: The global economic structure, with its decentralized production and the consequent increase in freight traffic all over the world, creates considerable problems and challenges for the freight transport sector. This situation has led shipping to become the most suitable and cheapest way to transport goods. Thus, ports are configured as nodes with critical importance in the logistics supply chain as a link between two transport systems, sea and land. Increase in activity at seaports is producing three undesirable effects: increasing road congestion, lack of open space in port installations and a significant environmental impact on seaports. These adverse effects can be mitigated by moving part of the activity inland. Implementation of dry ports is a possible solution and would also provide an opportunity to strengthen intermodal solutions as part of an integrated and more sustainable transport chain, acting as a link between road and railway networks. In this sense, implementation of dry ports allows the separation of the links of the transport chain, thus facilitating the shortest possible routes for the lowest capacity and most polluting means of transport. Thus, the decision of where to locate a dry port demands a thorough analysis of the whole logistics supply chain, with the objective of transferring the largest volume of goods possible from road to more energy efficient means of transport, like rail or short-sea shipping, that are less harmful to the environment. However, the decision of where to locate a dry port must also ensure the sustainability of the site. Thus, the main goal of this article is to research the variables influencing the sustainability of dry port location and how this sustainability can be evaluated. With this objective, in this paper we present a methodology for assessing the sustainability of locations by the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Bayesian Networks (BNs). MCDA is used as a way to establish a scoring, whilst B…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: dry ports
  topic: keywords
subject: industrial location
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Delphi
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian networks
  topic: keywords
subject: multi-criteria decision analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: geographic information systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Samir Awad-Núñez
creator: Nicoletta González-Cancelas
creator: Francisco Soler-Flores
creator: Alberto Camarero-Orive
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2015-10-02
publication date: 2015-10-02
starting page: 312
ending page: 319
doi: 10.3846/16484142.2015.1081618

Twice clustering based hybrid model for short-term passenger flow forecasting
type: item
description: Short-term metro passenger flow prediction plays a great role in traffic planning and management, and it is an important prerequisite for achieving intelligent transportation. So, a novel hybrid Support Vector Regression (SVR) model based on Twice Clustering (TC) is proposed for short-term metro passenger flow prediction. The training sets and test sets are generated by TC with respect to values of passenger flow in different time periods to improve the prediction accuracy. Furthermore, each obtained cluster is decomposed by using the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) algorithm and the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) algorithm, respectively. The volatility of each component obtained after decomposition is further reduced. Then, the SVR model optimized by the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm is used to predict the decomposed components. Moreover, forecast based on one-month data from Xi’an Metro Line 2 Library Station (China). By comparing the prediction results of the TC condition, the Once Clustering (OC) condition and the non-clustering condition, it shows that the TC approach can adequately model the volatility and effectively improve the prediction accuracy. At the same time, experimental results show that the novel hybrid TC–CEEMDAN–GWO–SVR model has superior performance than Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimized SVR (SVR–GA) model and hybrid Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: short-term passenger flow forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: twice clustering
  topic: keywords
subject: support vector regression
  topic: keywords
subject: grey wolf optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptive noise
  topic: keywords
creator: Sheng Wang
creator: Xinfeng Yang
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-21
publication date: 2024-11-21
starting page: 209
ending page: 228
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.20538

Examining failures in rubber-cord couplings within ER2 series electric trains
type: item
description: The article provides statistics on failures of rubber-cord couplings of electric trains of the ER2 and ER2T series and of the diesel trains over the past 7 years. According to statistics, over the past 7 years, 107 rubber-cord couplings have failed. Of these, the largest number of cases of failure of rubber-cord couplings occurred on rolling stock of the ER2 series. Examining failed rubber-cord couplings, it was revealed that the cause of its failure was a rupture of the side surface. Replacing a rubber-cord coupling is a labour-intensive and costly process. Accordingly, the question arises: what causes the problem and what measures should be proposed to reduce the failures. For these purposes, the work presents a number of experiments in order to identify possible causes of failure of the rubber-cord coupling. The article presents studies of the heating temperature of rubber-cord couplings in operation on motor cars, as well as a number of studies of failed rubber-cord couplings removed from motor cars. During the research, such parameters as the date of the last repair and the date of failure of the rubber-cord coupling were taken into account. The number of days the motor car was in general operation was taken into account until the failure of the rubber-cord coupling, as well as the mileage of the motor car after the repair. Measurements were carried out of the geometric parameters of the rubber-cord coupling: outer and inner diameter, thickness of the side of the rubber-cord coupling. The torque of the rubber-cord coupling acting at speeds from 5 to 40 km/h, the forces acting in operation on the rubber-cord coupling were calculated, and torsional and shear stresses were also studied and determined. Research was carried out to determine the hardness of the rubber-cord coupling in the temperature range from –20 °C to 0 °C and from 0 °C to +22 °C, as well as from +22 °C to +60 °C. These parameters were taken since a rubber-cord coupling operates under the mentione…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: train
  topic: keywords
subject: traction gear
  topic: keywords
subject: rubber-cord coupling
  topic: keywords
subject: forces and stresses in rubber
  topic: keywords
subject: Shore A
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: electric trains failures
  topic: keywords
creator: Pavels Gavrilovs
creator: Dmitrijs Gorbacovs
creator: Janis Eiduks
creator: Guntis Strautmanis
creator: Ali Arshad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-14
publication date: 2024-11-14
starting page: 183
ending page: 196
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.22411

Exploring potential car trips for long-distance school escorting using smart card data and a household travel survey
type: item
description: Encouraging students to commute by the metro can effectively reduce household car use caused by long-distance commuting to school. This article focuses on the frequency of metro use by groups of students commuting to school based on the assumption that students who use the metro may occasionally be driven to school by their parents. For the 1st time, we propose a school metro commuter identification process that considers the potential behaviour of escorted students, and we study the potential car trips for long-distance school escorting in Nanjing (China) using Smart Card Data (SCD) and a household travel survey from Nanjing. 3 clusters of students who use the metro for commutes to school are identified by frequency of use for possible escorting behaviour based on the commuting day. As possible factors influencing the 3 frequency groups, usage pattern of the metro, entry time, travel duration and the school–housing relationship are extracted from SCD. Furthermore, a multinomial logistic regression model is used to examine the significant factors that influence the grouping of students. The results show that students who use the metro occasionally for a long commuting distance to school are more likely to be escorted to and from school by their parents, especially to school. The later the entry time is to the metro, the more likely that students are to be escorted to school. Additionally, a long school–housing travel duration/distance significantly contributes to parents’ car trips for commuting. The results of this article are valuable for transport policy to reduce car use for long-distance school trips.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: transport management
  topic: keywords
subject: school commuting
  topic: keywords
subject: escort
  topic: keywords
subject: smart card data
  topic: keywords
subject: discrete choice models
  topic: keywords
creator: Yang Liu
creator: Yanjie Ji
creator: Xinwei Ma
creator: Qiyang Liu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-18
publication date: 2024-11-18
starting page: 197
ending page: 208
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.20518

The impact of ESG strategies on growth in the logistics industry
type: item
description: The aim of the article is to analyse the relationship between company growth, measured as an increase in Earnings Per Share (EPS) in 3- and 5-year periods, and companies’ financial condition, measured using the Altman z-Score (AS) model. The study was carried out on the example of companies included in the WIG Index and Warsaw Stock Exchange Index (in Polish: Warszawski Indeks Giełdowy – WIG) Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) between 2013 and 2020. Furthermore, among the companies included in the WIG index, companies belonging to the logistics industry were distinguished. An analysis of linear and panel relationships was used to verify the nature of the relationships between the variables taken into account. The z-Altman index was found to have a positive effect on company growth in a 3-year period for companies from the transport and logistics industry and all companies included in the WIG ESG index. Regarding company growth over the longer 5-year period, the influence of the z-Altman index on growth was not observed. Therefore, the results for companies in the WIG index show that for company growth in both the 3- and 5-year periods, the financial and economic condition of a company, measured by the z-Altman index, has no impact on the size of this growth, which was also confirmed by panel models.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: transport
  topic: keywords
subject: logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: company growth
  topic: keywords
subject: ESG strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Altman model
  topic: keywords
creator: Adam Sadowski
creator: Agata Gniadkowska-Szymańska
creator: Edgar Sokolovskij
creator: Ryszard Jędrzejczak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-14
publication date: 2024-11-14
starting page: 174
ending page: 182
doi: 10.3846/transport.2024.22545