A SWARA-COPRAS approach to the allocation of risk in water and sewerage public–private partnership projects in Malaysia
Abstract
In a situation of growing water demand, inadequate public funding, poor asset condition and lack of maintenance in developing countries, public-private partnerships (PPPs) play an important role in the development of infrastructure, such as water supply and sewerage services. The purpose of this study is to develop a quantitative approach to appropriate risk allocation, with attention directed to the impact of positive and negative factors in water and sewerage projects. The paper presents a hybrid SWARA-COPRAS approach to examine risk allocation, particularly for PPP water supply and sewerage projects in the context of Malaysia. In addition to PPP infrastructure projects, the approach has the potential to be adapted to other applications. The proposed method enables decision makers to utilise qualitative linguistic terms in the allocation of risk between the public and private sector, and to select the best strategy for risk allocation in a contract. Finally, 24 significant risks were identified: six risks would preferably be allocated to the public sector, while seven risks would be assigned to the private sector, and eleven risks would preferably be shared by both parties. The finding from this study can help the government of Malaysia to determine an attractive political strategy for private investors to support a PPP water and sewerage infrastructure project.
Keyword : water and sewerage projects, PPP, risk allocation, SWARA, COPRAS method
How to Cite
Valipour, A., Yahaya, N., Noor, N. M., Valipour, I., & Tamošaitienė, J. (2019). A SWARA-COPRAS approach to the allocation of risk in water and sewerage public–private partnership projects in Malaysia. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 23(4), 269-283. https://doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2019.8066
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Carbonara, N., Costantino, N., Gunnigan, L., & Pellegrino, R. (2015). Risk management in motorway PPP projects: empirical-based guidelines. Transport Reviews, 35(2), 162-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1012696
Chan, A. P., Lam, P. T., Wen, Y., Ameyaw, E. E., Wang, S., & Ke, Y. (2015). Cross-sectional analysis of critical risk factors for PPP water projects in China. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000214
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Choi, J., Chung, J., & Lee, D.-J. (2010). Risk perception analysis: participation in China’s water PPP market. International Journal of Project Management, 28(6), 580-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.10.010
Department of Occupational Safety and Health. (2008). Guidelines for hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.utar.edu.my/osh/file/58.%20DOSH%20-HIRARC%20Guidelines%20-%202008.pdf
Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. (2010). Building an environment that enhances quality of life (Chapter 6). In Tenth Malaysia Plan, 2011–2015. Retrieved from http://onlineapps.epu.gov.my/rmke10/img/pdf/en/chapt6.pdf
El-Sayegh, S. M. (2008). Risk assessment and allocation in the UAE construction industry. International Journal of Project Management, 26(4), 431-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.07.004
FAO/ESCAP. (2001). From vision to action: a synthesis of experiences in Southeast Asia. The FAO-ESCAP Pilot project on national water visions (L. H. Ti & T. Facon, Eds.). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/AB776E/ab776e02.htm#bm2
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Hall, D., & Lobina, E. (2007). International actors and multinational water company strategies in Europe, 1990–2003. Utilities Policy, 15(2), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2007.02.005
Hwang, B.-G., Zhao, X., & Gay, M. J. S. (2013). Public private partnership projects in Singapore: factors, critical risks and preferred risk allocation from the perspective of contractors. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 424-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.08.003
Hwang, B.-G., Zhao, X., & Yu, G. S. (2016). Risk identification and allocation in underground rail construction joint ventures: contractors’ perspective. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 22(6), 758-767. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.914095
Iqbal, S., Choudhry, R. M., Holschemacher, K., Ali, A., & Tamošaitienė, J. (2015). Risk management in construction projects. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 21(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2014.994582
Jae-Seung, L., & Yea-Sang, K. (2017). Analysis of cost-increasing risk factors in modular construction in Korea Using FMEA. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(6), 1999-2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-0194-1
Jin, X. H., & Doloi, H. (2008). Interpreting risk allocation mechanism in public-private partnership projects: an empirical study in a transaction cost economics perspective. Construction Management and Economics, 26(7), 707-721. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190801998682
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Kaklauskas, A., Zavadskas, E. K., Raslanas, S., Ginevicius, R., Komka, A., & Malinauskas, P. (2006). Selection of low-e windows in retrofit of public buildings by applying multiple criteria method COPRAS: a Lithuanian case. Energy and Buildings, 38(5), 454-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.08.005
Karabašević, D., Stanujkić, D., Urošević, S., & Maksimović, M. (2016). An approach to personnel selection based on SWARA and WASPAS methods. Bizinfo (Blace), 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5937/bizinfo1601001K
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Ke, Y., Wang, S. Q., & Chan, A. P. C. (2013). Risk misallocation in public-private partnership projects in China. International Public Management Journal, 16(3), 438-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2013.825508
Keršuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 243-258. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2010.12
Khazaeni, G., Khanzadi, M., & Afshar, A. (2012a). Fuzzy adaptive decision making model for selection balanced risk allocation. International Journal of Project Management, 30(4), 511-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.10.003
Khazaeni, G., Khanzadi, M., & Afshar, A. (2012b). Optimum risk allocation model for construction contracts: fuzzy TOPSIS approach. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 39(7), 789-800. https://doi.org/10.1139/l2012-038
Kundakcı, N., & Işık, A. (2016). Integration of MACBETH and COPRAS methods to select air compressor for a textile company. Decision Science Letters, 5(3), 381-394. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2016.2.003
Lam, K., Wang, D., Lee, P. T., & Tsang, Y. (2007). Modelling risk allocation decision in construction contracts. International Journal of Project Management, 25(5), 485-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2006.11.005
Loosemore, M., & McCarthy, C. (2008). Perceptions of contractual risk allocation in construction supply chains. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 134(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2008)134:1(95)
Marques, R. C., & Berg, S. (2011). Risks, contracts, and public-sector participation in infrastructure. Journal of Construction in Engineering and Management, 137(11). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000347
Mulliner, E., Malys, N., & Maliene, V. (2016). Comparative analysis of MCDM methods for the assessment of sustainable housing affordability. Omega, 59, 146-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.05.013
Organ, A., & Yalçın, E. (2016). Performance evaluation of research assistants by COPRAS method. European Scientific Journal, 12(10), 102-109.
Osei-Kyei, R., & Chan, A. P. (2015). Developing transport infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa through public-private partnerships: policy practice and implications. Transport Reviews, 36(2), 170-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1077288
Tan, J. (2012). The pitfalls of water privatization: failure and reform in Malaysia. World Development, 40(12), 2552-2563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.012
Valipour, A., Mohammadi, F., Yahaya, N., Sarvari, H., & Noor, N. M. (2014). Identification and evaluation of risk allocation criteria and barriers: a Malaysian public private partnership project case study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(18), 2023-2031. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2014.2023.2031
Valipour, A., Yahaya, N., Md Noor, N., Kildienė, S., Sarvari, H., & Mardani, A. (2015). A fuzzy analytic network process method for risk prioritization in freeway PPP projects: an Iranian case study. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 21(7), 933-947. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1051104
Wibowo, A., & Mohamed, S. (2010). Risk criticality and allocation in privatised water supply projects in Indonesia. International Journal of Project Management, 28(5), 504-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.08.003
World Bank. (2016). Private participation in infrastructure database. The World Bank Group. Retrieved from http://ppi.worldbank.org/snapshots/country/malaysia
Xu, Y., Chan, A. P., & Yeung, J. F. (2010). Developing a fuzzy risk allocation model for PPP projects in China. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136(8), 894-903. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000189
Yang, T., Long, R., Cui, X., Zhu, D., & Chen, H. (2017). Application of the public–private partnership model to urban sewage treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142(Part 2), 1065-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.152
Yeung, J. F. Y., Chan, A. P. C., Chan, D. W. M., & Li, L. K. (2007). Development of a partnering performance index (PPI) for construction projects in Hong Kong: a Delphi study. Construction Management and Economics, 25(12), 1219-1237. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190701598673
Zavadskas, E. K., & Kaklauskas, A. (1996). Determination of an efficient contractor by using the new method of multicriteria assessment. In D. A. Langford & A. Retik (Eds.), International symposium for “The Organization and Management of Construction”, Shaping Theory and Practice: Vol. 2. Managing the construction project and managing risk (pp. 94-104). CIB W65. London: E and FN SPON.
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