South African stakeholder views of the competency requirements of facilities management graduates
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate South African stakeholder views of the content of the recently developed postgraduate course in Facilities Management at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. The study was done using a questionnaire survey of a cross-section of professionals registered with the South African Facilities Management Association (SAFMA). It covers technical, personal, interpersonal and professional skills as well as the ability to conceive, design, implement and operate business systems. It also highlights the degree of importance of these skills. The findings of this research will enable those designing FM programmes of study to ensure that their curricula are current and relevant to the needs of the relevant stakeholders within their contexts. The paper goes beyond previous research in the built environment in specifying the requisite proficiency levels in terms of the relevant skills and competencies.
Keyword : education, facilities management, stakeholder views, skills and competencies, curriculum design
How to Cite
Azasu, S., Adewunmi, Y., & Babatunde, O. (2018). South African stakeholder views of the competency requirements of facilities management graduates. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 22(6), 471-478. https://doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2018.6272
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Atkin, B., & Brook, A. (2015). Total facilities management. United Kingdom: Wiley.
Atkin, B., & Skitmore, M. (2008). Editorial: stakeholder management in construction. Construction Management and Economics, 26(6), 549-552. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802142405
Babatunde, O. K. (2014, 9-10 June). Framework for assessing project management performance. Proceedings of Project Management Symposium Papers. Project Management Center for Excellence, Mayland, USA, Paper No. 6.
Baran, E. (2013). Connect, participate and learn: transforming pedagogies in higher education. Bulletin of the IEEE Technical Committee on Learning, 15(1), 9-12.
Becerik-Gerber, B., Jazizadeh, F., & Calis, G. (2011). Application areas and data requirements for BIM-enabled facilities management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(3), 431-442. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000433
Benhart, B. L., & Shaurette, M. (2014). Establishing new graduate competencies: Purdue university’s construction management curriculum restructuring. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 10(1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2013.770108
Bodenheimer, T., Ghorob, A., Willard-Grace, R., & Grumbach, K. (2014). The 10 building blocks of high-performing primary care. Annals of Family Medicine, 12(2), 166-171. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1616
Boyd, T. (2005, 23-27 January). Stakeholder impact on property education programs. Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim Real Estate Conference (PPRES) (pp. 1-15). Melbourne, Australia.
Brown, J. R. (1979). Real estate education: a curriculum guide. Appraisal Journal, 47(4), 574-586.
Butler, J. Q., Guntermann, K. L., & Wolverton. M. (1998). Integrating the real estate curriculum. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 1(1), 51-66.
Calhoun, J. G., Ramiah, K., Weist, E. M., & Shortell, S. M. (2008). Development of a core competency model for the master of public health degree. American Journal of Public Health, 98(9), 1598-1607. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.117978
Chen, Z. (2015). Principles of facilities management. Journal of Facilities Management, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-12-2014-0039
Chikafalimani, S. H. (2013). Curriculum guideline for masters real estate education in South Africa. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(3), 397-402. https://doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n3p397
Chikafalimani, S., & Cloete, C. (2010). Property industry perceptions on time allocation to masters real estate in South Africa. Property Management, 20(5), 369-382.
Cloete, C. E. (2002). Progress in real estate education in South Africa. Property Management, 20(5), 369-382. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637470210450603
Crawley, E. F. (2001). The CDIO syllabus: a statement of goals for undergraduate engineering education. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Dada, J. O., & Jagboro, G. O. (2015). Core skills requirement and competencies expected of quantity surveyors: perspectives from quantity surveyors, allied professionals and clients in Nigeria. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 12(4), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v12i4.2808
Darby, J. A. (2006). The effects of the elective or required status of courses on student evaluations. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 58(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820500507708
Elmualim, A., Shockley, D., Valle, R., Ludlow, G., & Shah, S. (2010). Barriers and commitment of facilities management profession to the sustainability agenda. Building and Environment, 45(1), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.05.002
Epley, D. R. (2004). New ranking of decision-making subject ar-eas for corporate real estate executives. Journal of Real Estate Education, 26(1), 43-68.
Evetts, J. (2013). Professionalism: value and ideology. Current Sociology, 61(5-6), 778-796. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392113479316
Ferrer-Caja, E., & Weiss, M. R. (2002). Cross-validation of a model of intrinsic motivation with students enrolled in high school elective courses. Journal of Experimental Education, 71(1), 41-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220970209602056
Gale, A., & Brown, M. (2003). Project management professional development: an industry- led programme. Journal of Management Development, 22(5), 410-425. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710310474769
Galuppo, L. A., & Worzala. E. (2004). A study into the important elements of a master’s degree in real estate. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 7(1), 25-42.
Gibler, K. M., Black, R. T., & Moon, K. P. (2002). Time, place, space, technology and corporate real estate strategy. Journal of Real Estate Literature, 24(3), 235-262.
Hightower, R., & Highsmith, J. (2013). Investigating the facility management professional shortage. International Journal of Facility Management, 4(3), 3.
Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What is competence? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886042000338227
Nkado, R. N. (2000, 6-8 September). Competencies required by quantity surveyors in South Africa. In A. Akintoye (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th Annual ARCOM Conference (pp. 11-20). Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow.
Perera, S., Pearson, J., Ekundayo, D., & Zhou, L. (2013). Professional, academic and industrial development needs: a competency mapping and expert opinion review. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 17(2), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648715X.2013.806966
Perkins, G. D., Barrett, H., Bullock, I., Gabbott, D. A., Nolan, J. P., Mitchell, S., Short, A., Smith, C. M., Smith, G. B., Todd, S., & Bion, J. F. (2005). The acute care undergraduate teaching (ACUTE) initiative: consensus development of core competencies in acute care for undergraduates in the United Kingdom. Intensive Care Medicine, 31(12), 1627-1633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2837-4
Pitt, M., & Tucker, M. (2008). Performance measurement in facilities management: driving innovation? Property Management, 26(4), 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637470810894885
Poon, J. (2013). Blended learning: an institutional approach for enhancing students’ learning experiences. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 271.
Poon, J. (2012). Use of blended learning to enhance the student learning experience and engagement in property education. Property Management, 30(2), 129-156. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471211213398
Poon, J., Hoxley, M., & Fuchs, W. (2011). Real estate education: an investigation of multiple stakeholders. Property Management, 29(5), 468-487. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471111178146
Rabianski, J. S., & Black, R. T. (1999). An international perspective on the importance of real estate concepts and topics. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 2(1), 13-32.
Roberts, P. (2001). Corporate competence in FM: current problems and issues. Facilities, 19(7/8), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770110390711
Schulte, K.-W., Schulte-Daxbök, G., Holzmann, C., & Wiffler, M. (2005). Internationalisation of real estate education. Proceedings of the FIG Working Week and GSDI-8 from Pharaohs to Geoininformatics (pp. 1-21). Cairo, Egypt.
Shen, W., Hao, Q., Mak, H., Neelamkavil, J., Xie, H., Dickinson, J., Thomas, R., Pardasani, A., & Xue, H. (2010). Systems integration and collaboration in architecture, engineering, construction, and facilities management: a review. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 24(2), 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2009.09.001
Stålne, K., Kjellström, S., & Utrianen, J. (2016). Assessing complexity in learning outcomes – a comparison between the SOLO taxonomy and the model of hierarchical complexity. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(7), 1033-1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1047319
Tay, L., & Ooi, J. T. L. (2001). Facilities management: a “Jack of all trades”? Facilities, 19(10), 357-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005534
Teitler, J. O., Reichman, N. E., & Sprachman, S. (2003). Costs and benefits of improving response rates for a hard-to-reach population. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67(1), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.1086/346011
Then, D. S. (1999). An integrated resource management view of facilities management. Facilities, 17(12/13), 462-469. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779910293451
Tu, C., Weinstein, M., Worzala, E., & Lukens, L. (2009). Elements of successful graduate real estate programs: perceptions of the stakeholders. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 12(2), 105-121.
Van der Voordt, T. (2017). Facilities management and corporate real estate management: FM/CREM or FREM? Journal of Facilities Management, 15(3), 244-261. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-05-2016-0018
Veale, P. (1989). Managing corporate real estate assets: current executive attitudes and prospects for an emergent management discipline. Journal of Real Estate Research, 4(3), 1-22.
Weinstein, M., & Worzala, E. (2008). Graduate real estate programs: an analysis of the past and present and trends for the future. Journal of Real Estate Literature, 16(3), 387-413.
Wells, G. J., & Williams, N. A. (1993). Real estate brokers view the college curriculum. Journal of Education for Business, 68(4), 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.1993.10117621
Alexander, K. (1994). A strategy for facilities management. Facilities, 12(11), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779410070200
Atkin, B., & Brook, A. (2015). Total facilities management. United Kingdom: Wiley.
Atkin, B., & Skitmore, M. (2008). Editorial: stakeholder management in construction. Construction Management and Economics, 26(6), 549-552. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190802142405
Babatunde, O. K. (2014, 9-10 June). Framework for assessing project management performance. Proceedings of Project Management Symposium Papers. Project Management Center for Excellence, Mayland, USA, Paper No. 6.
Baran, E. (2013). Connect, participate and learn: transforming pedagogies in higher education. Bulletin of the IEEE Technical Committee on Learning, 15(1), 9-12.
Becerik-Gerber, B., Jazizadeh, F., & Calis, G. (2011). Application areas and data requirements for BIM-enabled facilities management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(3), 431-442. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000433
Benhart, B. L., & Shaurette, M. (2014). Establishing new graduate competencies: Purdue university’s construction management curriculum restructuring. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 10(1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2013.770108
Bodenheimer, T., Ghorob, A., Willard-Grace, R., & Grumbach, K. (2014). The 10 building blocks of high-performing primary care. Annals of Family Medicine, 12(2), 166-171. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1616
Boyd, T. (2005, 23-27 January). Stakeholder impact on property education programs. Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim Real Estate Conference (PPRES) (pp. 1-15). Melbourne, Australia.
Brown, J. R. (1979). Real estate education: a curriculum guide. Appraisal Journal, 47(4), 574-586.
Butler, J. Q., Guntermann, K. L., & Wolverton. M. (1998). Integrating the real estate curriculum. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 1(1), 51-66.
Calhoun, J. G., Ramiah, K., Weist, E. M., & Shortell, S. M. (2008). Development of a core competency model for the master of public health degree. American Journal of Public Health, 98(9), 1598-1607. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.117978
Chen, Z. (2015). Principles of facilities management. Journal of Facilities Management, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-12-2014-0039
Chikafalimani, S. H. (2013). Curriculum guideline for masters real estate education in South Africa. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(3), 397-402. https://doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n3p397
Chikafalimani, S., & Cloete, C. (2010). Property industry perceptions on time allocation to masters real estate in South Africa. Property Management, 20(5), 369-382.
Cloete, C. E. (2002). Progress in real estate education in South Africa. Property Management, 20(5), 369-382. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637470210450603
Crawley, E. F. (2001). The CDIO syllabus: a statement of goals for undergraduate engineering education. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Dada, J. O., & Jagboro, G. O. (2015). Core skills requirement and competencies expected of quantity surveyors: perspectives from quantity surveyors, allied professionals and clients in Nigeria. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 12(4), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v12i4.2808
Darby, J. A. (2006). The effects of the elective or required status of courses on student evaluations. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 58(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820500507708
Elmualim, A., Shockley, D., Valle, R., Ludlow, G., & Shah, S. (2010). Barriers and commitment of facilities management profession to the sustainability agenda. Building and Environment, 45(1), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.05.002
Epley, D. R. (2004). New ranking of decision-making subject ar-eas for corporate real estate executives. Journal of Real Estate Education, 26(1), 43-68.
Evetts, J. (2013). Professionalism: value and ideology. Current Sociology, 61(5-6), 778-796. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392113479316
Ferrer-Caja, E., & Weiss, M. R. (2002). Cross-validation of a model of intrinsic motivation with students enrolled in high school elective courses. Journal of Experimental Education, 71(1), 41-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220970209602056
Gale, A., & Brown, M. (2003). Project management professional development: an industry- led programme. Journal of Management Development, 22(5), 410-425. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710310474769
Galuppo, L. A., & Worzala. E. (2004). A study into the important elements of a master’s degree in real estate. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 7(1), 25-42.
Gibler, K. M., Black, R. T., & Moon, K. P. (2002). Time, place, space, technology and corporate real estate strategy. Journal of Real Estate Literature, 24(3), 235-262.
Hightower, R., & Highsmith, J. (2013). Investigating the facility management professional shortage. International Journal of Facility Management, 4(3), 3.
Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What is competence? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886042000338227
Nkado, R. N. (2000, 6-8 September). Competencies required by quantity surveyors in South Africa. In A. Akintoye (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th Annual ARCOM Conference (pp. 11-20). Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow.
Perera, S., Pearson, J., Ekundayo, D., & Zhou, L. (2013). Professional, academic and industrial development needs: a competency mapping and expert opinion review. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 17(2), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648715X.2013.806966
Perkins, G. D., Barrett, H., Bullock, I., Gabbott, D. A., Nolan, J. P., Mitchell, S., Short, A., Smith, C. M., Smith, G. B., Todd, S., & Bion, J. F. (2005). The acute care undergraduate teaching (ACUTE) initiative: consensus development of core competencies in acute care for undergraduates in the United Kingdom. Intensive Care Medicine, 31(12), 1627-1633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2837-4
Pitt, M., & Tucker, M. (2008). Performance measurement in facilities management: driving innovation? Property Management, 26(4), 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637470810894885
Poon, J. (2013). Blended learning: an institutional approach for enhancing students’ learning experiences. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 271.
Poon, J. (2012). Use of blended learning to enhance the student learning experience and engagement in property education. Property Management, 30(2), 129-156. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471211213398
Poon, J., Hoxley, M., & Fuchs, W. (2011). Real estate education: an investigation of multiple stakeholders. Property Management, 29(5), 468-487. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471111178146
Rabianski, J. S., & Black, R. T. (1999). An international perspective on the importance of real estate concepts and topics. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 2(1), 13-32.
Roberts, P. (2001). Corporate competence in FM: current problems and issues. Facilities, 19(7/8), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770110390711
Schulte, K.-W., Schulte-Daxbök, G., Holzmann, C., & Wiffler, M. (2005). Internationalisation of real estate education. Proceedings of the FIG Working Week and GSDI-8 from Pharaohs to Geoininformatics (pp. 1-21). Cairo, Egypt.
Shen, W., Hao, Q., Mak, H., Neelamkavil, J., Xie, H., Dickinson, J., Thomas, R., Pardasani, A., & Xue, H. (2010). Systems integration and collaboration in architecture, engineering, construction, and facilities management: a review. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 24(2), 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2009.09.001
Stålne, K., Kjellström, S., & Utrianen, J. (2016). Assessing complexity in learning outcomes – a comparison between the SOLO taxonomy and the model of hierarchical complexity. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(7), 1033-1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1047319
Tay, L., & Ooi, J. T. L. (2001). Facilities management: a “Jack of all trades”? Facilities, 19(10), 357-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005534
Teitler, J. O., Reichman, N. E., & Sprachman, S. (2003). Costs and benefits of improving response rates for a hard-to-reach population. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67(1), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.1086/346011
Then, D. S. (1999). An integrated resource management view of facilities management. Facilities, 17(12/13), 462-469. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779910293451
Tu, C., Weinstein, M., Worzala, E., & Lukens, L. (2009). Elements of successful graduate real estate programs: perceptions of the stakeholders. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 12(2), 105-121.
Van der Voordt, T. (2017). Facilities management and corporate real estate management: FM/CREM or FREM? Journal of Facilities Management, 15(3), 244-261. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-05-2016-0018
Veale, P. (1989). Managing corporate real estate assets: current executive attitudes and prospects for an emergent management discipline. Journal of Real Estate Research, 4(3), 1-22.
Weinstein, M., & Worzala, E. (2008). Graduate real estate programs: an analysis of the past and present and trends for the future. Journal of Real Estate Literature, 16(3), 387-413.
Wells, G. J., & Williams, N. A. (1993). Real estate brokers view the college curriculum. Journal of Education for Business, 68(4), 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.1993.10117621