Geodetic support and automated vertical planning in the design of a karting complex using Autodesk Civil 3D
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2026.26330Abstract
This paper presents a geodetic framework for the design of a karting complex based on an up-to-date topographic survey and a digital terrain model. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of auto- mated vertical planning in the design of linear sports facilities using a specialized digital design environment. The methodology is based on the integration of geodetic survey data, digital terrain modelling, and parametric design tools implemented in Autodesk Civil 3D. The approach demonstrates the potential for direct integration of geodetic data into parametric infrastructure design workflows. The track alignment is used as a linear reference element for defining design elevations, longitudinal slopes, and cross-sectional parameters, enabling the automated generation of design surfaces. The results demonstrate that the application of automated design relationships allows efficient coordination between horizontal and vertical planning and supports the optimization of earthworks and terrain modelling. A comparative analysis of traditional and automated design approaches indicates that the proposed method reduces the time required to update design solutions by approximately 30–40%. The originality of the study lies in the systematization of an integrated geodetic model combining survey data, digital terrain modelling, and automated vertical planning for the design of linear sports facilities.
Keywords:
geodetic support, automated vertical planning, digital terrain model, parametric design, engineering geodesy, Autodesk Civil 3D, karting complexHow to Cite
Share
License
Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Autodesk. (2024). Autodesk Civil 3D User Guide. https://help.autodesk.com/view/CIV3D/2024/ENU/
Biljecki, F., Ledoux, H., & Stoter, J. (2016). An improved LOD specification for 3D building models. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 59, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.04.005
Burrough, P. A., McDonnell, R. A., & Lloyd, C. D. (2015). Principles of geographical information systems (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Florinsky, I. V. (2012). Digital terrain modeling: A brief historical overview. In Digital terrain analysis in soil science and geology (pp. 1–4). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385036-2.00001-8
Hirt, C. (2014). Digital terrain models. In E. Grafarend (Ed.), Encyclopedia of geodesy. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02370-0_31-1
Karan, E. P., Sivakumar, R., Irizarry, J., & Guhathakurta, S. (2014). Digital modeling of construction site terrain using remotely sensed data and Geographic Information System analyses. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 140(3). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000822
Li, Z., Zhu, Q., & Gold, C. (2005). Digital terrain modeling: Principles and methodology. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203357132
Maune, D. F. (Ed.). (2007). Digital elevation model technologies and applications: The DEM users manual (2nd ed.). American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
Natural Earth. (n.d.). Natural Earth: Free vector and raster map data. https://www.naturalearthdata.com/
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works. (2001). Ordinance No. 4 of 21 May 2001 on the scope and content of investment projects. https://www.mrrb.bg/bg/naredba-4-ot-2001-g-za-obhvata-i-sudurjanieto-na-investicionnite-proekti/
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works. (2003). Ordinance No. 7 of 22 December 2003 on rules and regulations for the development of different types of territories and zoning areas. https://www.mrrb.bg/bg/naredba-7-ot-2003-g-za-pravila-i-normativi-za-ustrojstvo-na-otdelnite-vidove-teritorii-i-ustrojstveni-zoni/
Pike, R. J., Evans, I. S., & Hengl, T. (2009). Geomorphometry: A brief guide. In T. Hengl & H. I. Reuter (Eds.), Geomorphometry: Concepts, software, applications (Vol. 33, pp. 3–30). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(08)00001-9
Shan, J., & Toth, C. K. (2018). Topographic laser ranging and scanning: Principles and processing (2nd ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315154381
Republic of Bulgaria. (2001). Spatial Development Act. State Gazette, No. 1. https://www.mrrb.bg/en/spatial-development-act-84665/
Republic of Bulgaria. (2006). Geodesy and Cartography Act. https://www.cadastre.bg/en/laws/geodesy-and-cartography-act-amend-sg-5818-jul-2017-amend-and-suppl-sg-4121-may-2019
Stefanova, A. (2022). Specifics of vertical planning in the reconstruction and presentation project of the Vidin fortress system “Kaleto”. Geodesy, Cartography and Land Management, (3–4), 36–42.
Uren, J., & Price, W. F. (2010). Surveying for engineers (5th ed.). Palgrave.
Wilson, J. P., & Gallant, J. C. (2000). Terrain analysis: Principles and applications. Wiley.
Wolf, P. R., & Ghilani, C. D. (2018). Elementary surveying: An introduction to geomatics (15th ed.). Pearson.
View article in other formats
CrossMark check
Published
Issue
Section
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.