The moderating effects of statutory laws and regulations of risk factors and management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia construction industries
Abstract
Purpose – Construction projects are fraught with hazards that have a detrimental impact on schedules, estimates, and quality. The project execution phase exposes contractors to internal and external hazards, either implicitly or explicitly. A project’s achievement is contingent on the proper handling of internal and external hazardous concerns. This study investigates the connection linking internal and external risk factors with risk management in Saudi Arabian contractors and the moderation role of government bylaws linking this connection.
Research methodology – This study investigates 303 Saudi Arabian contractors to explain the influence of internal hazards, external hazards, and governmental by-laws on risk management by applying the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method.
Findings – The outcome indicates that internal hazards (active leadership, team competency, and skills and effective communication), external hazards (technological, political, cultural, and economic factors), and government by-laws (also, its moderation role with external hazards) are positively connected with risk management resulting a moderate effect. Furthermore, the outcome also highlights that the moderating influence of government by-laws with internal risk factors is insignificant.
Research limitations – The current research model depicted 74.4% of the overall variation in risk management. Other latent variables can explain the 25.6% remaining overall variation in risk management which can be taken into account for future aspects of effective construction risk management.
Practical implications – This study raises the efficiency of Saudi Arabian contractors by improving project output delivery. This study made recommendations to boost risk management usage.
Originality/Value – This research was conducted for the first time in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and it is an original work.
Keyword : government bylaws, internal risks, external risks
How to Cite
Rehman, M. A., Ishak, M. S. B., & Adeleke , A. Q. (2024). The moderating effects of statutory laws and regulations of risk factors and management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia construction industries. Business, Management and Economics Engineering, 22(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.3846/bmee.2024.19883
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Aarons, H. (2021). A practical introduction to survey design: A beginne’s guide (1st ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
Abdellatif, H., & Alshibani, A. (2019). Major factors causing delay in the delivery of manufacturing and building projects in Saudi Arabia. Buildings, 9(4), Article 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040093
Abduljawwad, T. M., & Almaktoom, A. (2021). Factors behind construction delays in Saudi Arabia. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(15), 184–194. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/8323
Abdulmoneim, A., Al Samadony, A., & Nosair, I. (2021). Identification and ranking the most significant risks of the mega construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, 5(2), 35–49. https://www.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2021.v05i02.003
Adam, A., Josephson, P. E., & Lindahl, G. (2017). Aggregation of factors causing cost overruns and time delays in large public construction projects: Trends and implications. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(3), 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-09-2015-0135
Adeleke, A. Q., Bahaudin, A. Y., & Kamaruddeen, A. M. (2016a). Rules and regulations as potential moderator on the relationship between organizational internal and external factors with effective construction risk management in nigerian construction companies: A proposed framework. Proceedings of the International Conference on applied Science and Technology (ICAST’16), 1761(1), Article 020008. https://www.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960848
Adeleke, A. Q., Bahaudin, A. Y., & Kamaruddeen, A. M. (2017). Organizational internal factors and construction risk management among nigerian construction companies. Global Business Review, 19(4), 921–938. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150916677460
Adeleke, A. Q., Bahaudin, A. Y., Kamaruddeen, A. M., Bamgbade, J. A., Salimon, M. G., Khan, M. W. A., & Sorooshian, S. (2018). The influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management among Nigerian construction companies. Safety and Health at Work, 9(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.05.004
Adeleke, A. Q., Nasidi, Y., & Bamgbade, J. A. (2016b). Assessing the extent of effective construction risk management in Nigerian construction companies. Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies, 3(1), 1–10.
Agyekum-Mensah, G., & Knight, A. D. (2017). The professionals’ perspective on the causes of project delay in the construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(5), 828–841. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2016-0085
Alajmi, A. M., & Memon, Z. A. (2022). A review on significant factors causing delays in Saudi Arabia construction projects. Smart Cities, 5(4), 1465–1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040075
Albogamy, A., & Dawood, N. (2015). Development of a client-based risk management methodology for the early design stage of construction processes: applied to the KSA. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(5), 493–515. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2014-0096
Alenezi, T. A. (2020). Covid-19 causes of delays on construction projects in Kuwait. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 8(4), 35–39.
Algahtany, M., Alhammadi, Y., & Kashiwag, D. (2016). Introducing a new risk management model to the Saudi Arabian construction industry Procedia Engineering, 145, 940–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.122
Al-Harthi, F. M., Al Manwari, D. A., & Yahia, H. A. M. (2021). Identification and assessment of risk factors affecting construction project in Oman. Journal of Student Research. https://www.jsr.org/index.php/path/article/view/1540
Alotaibi, A., Edum-Fotwe, F., & Price, A. D. (2019). Critical barriers to social responsibility implementation within mega-construction projects: The case of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 11(6), Article 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061755
Alotaibi, N. O., Sutrisna, M., & Chong, H. Y. (2016). Guidelines of using project management tools and techniques to mitigate factors causing delays in public construction projects in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 6(2), 90–103. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/49844
Al-Sabah, R., Menassa, C. C., & Hanna, A. (2012, October 17–19). Evaluating significant risks in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) construction projects from perspective of multinational firms. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference of CIB W78 (pp. 142–151). International Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation, Beirut.
Alshakhrit, A. K., Supeni, E. E., & Zahari, N. I. (2019). Causes and effects of delays in Saudi Arabian construction projects. Journal of Global Economics, Management and Business Research, 11(4), 165–174. https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JGEMBR/article/view/4721
Alshihri, S., Al-Gahtani, K., & Almohsen, A. (2022). Risk factors that lead to time and cost overruns of building projects in Saudi Arabia. Buildings, 12(7), Article 902. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070902
Alsuliman, J. A. (2019). Causes of delay in Saudi public construction projects. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 58(2), 801–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2019.07.002
Arantes, A., & Ferreira, L. M. (2015). Causes of delays in Portuguese construction projects. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems (ICORES-2015) (pp. 116–124). Portugal. SciTePress. https://www.doi.org/10.5220/0005214501160124
Asenahabi, B. M., & Ikoha, P. A. (2023). Scientific research sample size determination. The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i7/ST2307-008
Assaf, S., Hassanain, M. A., Abdallah, A., Sayed, A. M. Z., & Alshahrani, A. (2019). Significant causes of claims and disputes in construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(5), 597–615. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-09-2018-0113
Assafi, M. N., Hoque, M. I., & Hossain, M. M. (2022). Investigating the causes of construction delay on the perspective of organization-sectors involved in the construction industry of Bangladesh. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-10-2021-0137
Bajjou, M. S., & Chafi, A. (2020). Empirical study of schedule delay in Moroccan construction projects. International Journal of Construction Management, 20(7), 783–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1484859
Becker, J.-M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2018). Estimating moderating effects in PLS-SEM and PLSc-SEM: Interaction term generation*data treatment. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 2(2), 1–21. https://www.doi.org/10.47263/JASEM.2(2)01
Befrouei, M. A. R., & Taghipour, M. (2015). Identification and management of risks in construction projects. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 3(5), 170–177. https://www.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20150305.15
Bekr, G. A. (2018). Study and assessment of causes and effects of delay in large public construction projects in Jordan. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(8), 6204–6210. https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n8_82.pdf
Bounthipphasert, S., Shozo, N., Toshihiro, O., & Takafumi, N. (2020). Causes of delays in road construction projects in Laos. Global Journal of Research in Engineering, 20(E3), 19–32. https://engineeringresearch.org/index.php/GJRE/article/view/2063
Brito, A. (2021). Causes of construction delays in different buildings typology in Portugal. Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering, 7(1), 1–14. https://www.doi.org/10.33552/CTCSE.2021.07.000655
Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., Crawford, L. M., & Hitchcock, J. H. (2019). Research design and methods an applied guide for the scholar-practitioner (1st ed.). Sage Publications.
Castillo, R. B., Acosta, I. C., & Malagapo E. P. (2019). The anatomy of construction project delays in the State of Qatar. Middle Eastern Journal of Development Management, 1(1), 92–117.
Chown, J., Conzon, V., Beckman, C., Cardinal, L. B., Valentine, M., Cameron, L., Chown, J., Clement, J., Conzon, V., Gaba, V., & Rahman, H. A. (2020). Organizational control: New perspectives and future directions. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.11972symposium
Chang, T., Deng, X., & Hwang, B. G. (2019). Investigating political risk paths in international high-speed railway projects: The case of Chinese international contractors. Sustainability, 11(15), Article 4157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154157
Cheah, J.-H., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Ramayah, T., & Ting, H. (2018). Convergent validity assessment of formatively measured constructs in PLS-SEM: On using single-item versus multi-item measures in redundancy analyses. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(11), 3192–3210. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2017-0649
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 655–690). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Durdyev, S., & Hosseini, M. R. (2020). Causes of delays on construction projects: A comprehensive list. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 13(1), 20–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-09-2018-0178
Edubirdie. (2022, August 25). Positive risk and its examples. https://edubirdie.com/examples/positive-risk-and-its-examples/
El-Sayegh, S. M., Manjikian, S., Ibrahim, A., Abouelyousr, A., & Jabbour, R. (2021). Risk identification and assessment in sustainable construction projects in the UAE. International Journal of Construction Management, 21(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1536963
Everitt, J. (2022, June 3). What are positive risks in project management? https://www.wrike.com/blog/what-are-positive-risks-in-project-management/#What-is-a-positive-risk
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Gain, H., Mishra, K., & Aithal, P. S. (2022). Risk management practice adopted in road construction project. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences, 7(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5885986
Hair, Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hamid, W. J., & Waterman, A. (2018). Analysis of the main causes of cost overruns in construction industry in developing countries and the UK. International Review of Civil Engineering, 9(3), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v9i3.14525
Hamilton, D. F., Ghert, M., & Simpson, A. H. (2015). Interpreting regression models in clinical outcome studies. Bone & Joint Research, 4(9), 152–153. https://doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.49.2000571
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. New Challenges to International Marketing, 20, 277–319. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
Hossain, M. A., Raiymbekov, D., Nadeem, A., & Kim, J. R. (2022). Delay causes in Kazakhstan’s construction projects and remedial measures. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(5), 801–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1647635
Ikediashi, D. I., Ogunlana, S. O., & Alotaibi, A. (2014). Analysis of project failure factors for infrastructure projects in Saudi Arabia: A multivariate approach. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 19(1), 35–52.
Inmyxai, S., & Takahashi, Y. (2009). Firm resources and business performance in the Lao PDR: Implications for SMEs in the LDC context. Journal of Indian Business Research, 1(2/3), 163–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554190911005345
Jussila, J., & Lähtinen, K. (2020). Effects of institutional practices on delays in construction – views of Finnish homebuilder families. Housing Studies, 35(7), 1167–1193. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2019.1651831
Kamal, A., Abas, M., Khan, D., & Azfar, R. W. (2022). Risk factors influencing the building projects in Pakistan: From perspective of contractors, clients and consultants. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(6), 1141–1157. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1683693
Kamasak, R. (2017). The contribution of tangible and intangible resources, and capabilities to a firm’s profitability and market performance. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(2), 252–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-015
Kassem, M. A., Khoiry, M. A., & Ham, N. (2020). Assessment of the effect of external risk factors on the success of an oil and gas construction project. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(9), 2767–2793. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-10-2019-0573
Kassem, M. A., Khoiry, M. A., & Hamzah, N. (2019). Risk factors in oil and gas construction projects in developing countries: A case study. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 13(4), 846–861. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-11-2018-0002
Khalifa, W. M., & Mahamid, I. (2019). Causes of change orders in construction projects. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 9(6), 4956–4961. https://www.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3168
Khodeir, L. M., & Nabawy, M. (2019). Identifying key risks in infrastructure projects – Case study of Cairo Festival City project in Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10(3), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2018.11.003
Larsen, J. K., Shen, G. Q., Lindhard, S. M., & Brunoe, T. D. (2016). Factors affecting schedule delay, cost overrun, and quality level in public construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000391
Leavy, P. (2017). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and community-based participatory research approaches (1st ed.). The Guilford Press.
Lewis-Beck, C., & Lewis-Beck, M. (2016). Applied regression: An introduction (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483396774
Lin, C. L., & Chen, B. K. (2021). Research for risk management of construction projects in Taiwan. Sustainability, 13(4), Article 2034. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042034
Mathar, H., Assaf, S., Hassanain, M. A., Abdallah, A., & Sayed, A. M. Z. (2020). Critical success factors for large building construction projects: Perception of consultants and contractors. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(3), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-07-2019-0057
Michalos, A. C. (2014). Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Spinger. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5
Mohamadi, F. (2021). Risks definition and analysis. In Introduction to project finance in renewable energy infrastructure (pp. 105–120). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68740-3_8
Mpofu, B., Ochieng, E. G., Moobela, C., & Pretorius, A. (2017). Profiling causative factors leading to construction project delays in the United Arab Emirates. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(2), 346–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2015-0072
Mubarak, Husin, S., & Oktaviati, M. (2017). External risk factors affecting construction costs. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1903(1), Article 110005. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011631
Nawaz, A., Waqar, A., Shah, S. A. R., Sajid, M., & Khalid, M. I. (2019). An innovative framework for risk management in construction projects in developing countries: Evidence from Pakistan. Risks, 7(1), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks7010024
Omer, M. S., Nawi, M. N. M., Adeleke, A. Q., Panda, S., Harun, A., & Salameh, A. A. (2021). Analysis of organizational internal factors influencing construction risk management among construction industries. Productivity Management, 26(1), 106–128.
Panthi, K., Waller, L., & Ahmed, S. M. (2021). Residential construction risk management: Does it happen in real life? In S. M. Ahmed, P. Hampton, S. Azhar, & A. D. Saul (Eds.), Collaboration and integration in construction, engineering, management and technology. Advances in science, technology & innovation (pp. 465–470). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48465-1_77
Prasad, K. V., Vasugi, V., Venkatesan, R., & Bhat, N. S. (2019). Critical causes of time overrun in Indian construction projects and mitigation measures. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 15(3), 216–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2018.1499569
Qazi, A., Daghfous, A., & Khan, M. (2021). Impact of risk attitude on risk, opportunity, and performance assessment of construction projects. Project Management Journal, 52(2), 192–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972820985673
Rahman, I. A., Al-Emad, N., & Nagapan, S. (2016). Projects delay factors of Saudi Arabia construction industry using PLS-SEM path modelling approach. MATEC Web of Conferences, 81, Article 07001. https://www.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20168107001
Ratnaningsih, A., Dhokhikah, Y., & Fitria, A. (2018, June). Hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment on high-rise building construction project. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1977(1), Article 020014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5042870
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2021). Moderating role of government acts, laws and policies between team competency and skills and construction risk management among KSA contractors. International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management, 11(2), 144–165. https://ijcscm.com/menu-script/index.php/ijcscm/article/view/78/71
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2022a). Role of government acts, laws and policies between effective communication and construction risk management. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 6(2), 1–22.
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2022b). Investigating the relationship between active leadership and construction risk management among contractors in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Surveying, Construction and Property, 13, 34–51. https://doi.org/10.22452/jscp.sp2022no1.4
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2022c). Moderation role of government policies, laws and acts between cultural factors and risk management among Saudi Arabian contractors. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 16(1), 69–94. http://sbbwu.edu.pk/journal/Spring2022-Vol.16-No.1/5.%20Moderation%20role%20of%20government%20policies%20laws%20and%20Acts%20between%20cultural.pdf
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2022d). Role of governmental regulatory controlling procedures between political hazards and risk management. European Project Management Journal, 12(2), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.56889/owua8196
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2023). Moderation role of government acts, laws and policies between economic factors and risk management: A case study of Saudi Arabia contractors. Journal of Project Management, 8(4), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.jpm.2023.8.001
Rigdon, E. E. (2012). Rethinking partial least squares path modeling: In praise of simple methods. Long Range Planning, 45(5–6), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.010
Rönkkö, M., & Cho, E. (2022). An updated guideline for assessing discriminant validity. Organizational Research Methods, 25(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428120968614
Sahib, A. A., Mohammed, A., Shaker, R. M., Ali, M. H., Ahmed, M. D., & Shannan, M. A. A. (2022). The relationship among team skills and competencies, construction risk management and supply chain performance with moderating effect of government laws acts, and policies: A study from Iraq construction contractors. International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 127–146. https://ijcscm.com/menu-script/index.php/ijcscm/article/view/120
Salhi, R., & Messaoudi, K. (2021). The effects of delays in Algerian construction projects: An empirical study. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports, 31(2), 218–254. https://www.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0027
Santoso, D., & Gallage, P. (2020). Critical factors affecting the performance of large construction projects in developing countries: A case study of Sri Lanka. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 18(3), 531–556. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-05-2019-0130
Sarder, M. D. (2020). Logistics transportation systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-04218-0
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Handbook of market research (pp. 587–632). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Smith, D., Reams, R., & Hair, J. F. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A useful tool for family business researchers. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.01.002
Seddeeq, A. B., Assaf, S., Abdallah, A., & Hassanain, M. A. (2019). Time and cost overrun in the Saudi Arabian oil and gas construction industry. Buildings, 9(2), Article 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9020041
Selya, A. S., Rose, J. S., Dierker, L. C., Hedeker, D., & Merme, R. J. (2012). A practical guide to calculating Cohen’s f2, a measure of local effect size, from PROC MIXED. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00111
Sharma, S., & Gupta, A. K. (2020). Identification and management of risk in building and infrastructure projects. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management, 10(2), 1–9. https://www.doi.org/10.37591/jocetm.v10i2.3951
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; how to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18–27. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205035
Taherdoost, H. (2021). A review on risk management in information systems: Risk policy, control and fraud detection. Electronics, 10(24), Article 3065. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243065
Vacanas, Y., & Danezis, C. (2021). An overview of the risk of delay in Cyprus construction industry. International Journal of Construction Management, 21(4), 369–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1541703
Walker, A. (2015). Project management in construction (6th ed.). Wiley.
Walter, J., Kreutzer, M., Cardinal, L. B., & Miller, C. C. (2021). Moving with the times: A new perspective on organizational control. Academy of Management Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2021.13489abstract
Wibowo, M. A., Hatmoko, J. U., & Nurdiana, A. (2018). Risk management in Indonesia construction project: A case study of a toll road project. In C. F. Oudouza (Ed.), Risk management treatise for engineering practitioners (pp. 121–138). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79457
Yap, J. B., Goay, P. L., Woo, Y. B., & Skitmore, M. (2021). Revisiting critical delay factors for construction: Analysing projects in Malaysia. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 60(1), 1717–1729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2020.11.021
Zhou, S., & Yang, P. (2020). Risk management in distributed wind energy implementing analytic hierarchy process. Renewable Energy, 150, 616–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.125
Zhang, S., Sunindijo, R. Y., Loosemore, M., Wang, S., Gu, Y., & Li, H. (2021). Identifying critical factors influencing the safety of Chinese subway construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 28(7), 1863–1886. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2020-0525
Zhao, X. (2022). Evolution of construction risk management research: Historiography and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-09-2022-0853
Zidane, Y., & Andersen, B. (2018). Causes of delay and their cures in major Norwegian Projects. Journal of Modern Project Management, 5(3), 80–91.
Abdellatif, H., & Alshibani, A. (2019). Major factors causing delay in the delivery of manufacturing and building projects in Saudi Arabia. Buildings, 9(4), Article 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040093
Abduljawwad, T. M., & Almaktoom, A. (2021). Factors behind construction delays in Saudi Arabia. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(15), 184–194. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/8323
Abdulmoneim, A., Al Samadony, A., & Nosair, I. (2021). Identification and ranking the most significant risks of the mega construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, 5(2), 35–49. https://www.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2021.v05i02.003
Adam, A., Josephson, P. E., & Lindahl, G. (2017). Aggregation of factors causing cost overruns and time delays in large public construction projects: Trends and implications. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(3), 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-09-2015-0135
Adeleke, A. Q., Bahaudin, A. Y., & Kamaruddeen, A. M. (2016a). Rules and regulations as potential moderator on the relationship between organizational internal and external factors with effective construction risk management in nigerian construction companies: A proposed framework. Proceedings of the International Conference on applied Science and Technology (ICAST’16), 1761(1), Article 020008. https://www.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960848
Adeleke, A. Q., Bahaudin, A. Y., & Kamaruddeen, A. M. (2017). Organizational internal factors and construction risk management among nigerian construction companies. Global Business Review, 19(4), 921–938. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150916677460
Adeleke, A. Q., Bahaudin, A. Y., Kamaruddeen, A. M., Bamgbade, J. A., Salimon, M. G., Khan, M. W. A., & Sorooshian, S. (2018). The influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management among Nigerian construction companies. Safety and Health at Work, 9(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.05.004
Adeleke, A. Q., Nasidi, Y., & Bamgbade, J. A. (2016b). Assessing the extent of effective construction risk management in Nigerian construction companies. Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies, 3(1), 1–10.
Agyekum-Mensah, G., & Knight, A. D. (2017). The professionals’ perspective on the causes of project delay in the construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(5), 828–841. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2016-0085
Alajmi, A. M., & Memon, Z. A. (2022). A review on significant factors causing delays in Saudi Arabia construction projects. Smart Cities, 5(4), 1465–1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040075
Albogamy, A., & Dawood, N. (2015). Development of a client-based risk management methodology for the early design stage of construction processes: applied to the KSA. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(5), 493–515. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2014-0096
Alenezi, T. A. (2020). Covid-19 causes of delays on construction projects in Kuwait. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 8(4), 35–39.
Algahtany, M., Alhammadi, Y., & Kashiwag, D. (2016). Introducing a new risk management model to the Saudi Arabian construction industry Procedia Engineering, 145, 940–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.122
Al-Harthi, F. M., Al Manwari, D. A., & Yahia, H. A. M. (2021). Identification and assessment of risk factors affecting construction project in Oman. Journal of Student Research. https://www.jsr.org/index.php/path/article/view/1540
Alotaibi, A., Edum-Fotwe, F., & Price, A. D. (2019). Critical barriers to social responsibility implementation within mega-construction projects: The case of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 11(6), Article 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061755
Alotaibi, N. O., Sutrisna, M., & Chong, H. Y. (2016). Guidelines of using project management tools and techniques to mitigate factors causing delays in public construction projects in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 6(2), 90–103. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/49844
Al-Sabah, R., Menassa, C. C., & Hanna, A. (2012, October 17–19). Evaluating significant risks in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) construction projects from perspective of multinational firms. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference of CIB W78 (pp. 142–151). International Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation, Beirut.
Alshakhrit, A. K., Supeni, E. E., & Zahari, N. I. (2019). Causes and effects of delays in Saudi Arabian construction projects. Journal of Global Economics, Management and Business Research, 11(4), 165–174. https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JGEMBR/article/view/4721
Alshihri, S., Al-Gahtani, K., & Almohsen, A. (2022). Risk factors that lead to time and cost overruns of building projects in Saudi Arabia. Buildings, 12(7), Article 902. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070902
Alsuliman, J. A. (2019). Causes of delay in Saudi public construction projects. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 58(2), 801–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2019.07.002
Arantes, A., & Ferreira, L. M. (2015). Causes of delays in Portuguese construction projects. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems (ICORES-2015) (pp. 116–124). Portugal. SciTePress. https://www.doi.org/10.5220/0005214501160124
Asenahabi, B. M., & Ikoha, P. A. (2023). Scientific research sample size determination. The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i7/ST2307-008
Assaf, S., Hassanain, M. A., Abdallah, A., Sayed, A. M. Z., & Alshahrani, A. (2019). Significant causes of claims and disputes in construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(5), 597–615. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-09-2018-0113
Assafi, M. N., Hoque, M. I., & Hossain, M. M. (2022). Investigating the causes of construction delay on the perspective of organization-sectors involved in the construction industry of Bangladesh. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-10-2021-0137
Bajjou, M. S., & Chafi, A. (2020). Empirical study of schedule delay in Moroccan construction projects. International Journal of Construction Management, 20(7), 783–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1484859
Becker, J.-M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2018). Estimating moderating effects in PLS-SEM and PLSc-SEM: Interaction term generation*data treatment. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 2(2), 1–21. https://www.doi.org/10.47263/JASEM.2(2)01
Befrouei, M. A. R., & Taghipour, M. (2015). Identification and management of risks in construction projects. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 3(5), 170–177. https://www.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20150305.15
Bekr, G. A. (2018). Study and assessment of causes and effects of delay in large public construction projects in Jordan. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(8), 6204–6210. https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n8_82.pdf
Bounthipphasert, S., Shozo, N., Toshihiro, O., & Takafumi, N. (2020). Causes of delays in road construction projects in Laos. Global Journal of Research in Engineering, 20(E3), 19–32. https://engineeringresearch.org/index.php/GJRE/article/view/2063
Brito, A. (2021). Causes of construction delays in different buildings typology in Portugal. Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering, 7(1), 1–14. https://www.doi.org/10.33552/CTCSE.2021.07.000655
Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., Crawford, L. M., & Hitchcock, J. H. (2019). Research design and methods an applied guide for the scholar-practitioner (1st ed.). Sage Publications.
Castillo, R. B., Acosta, I. C., & Malagapo E. P. (2019). The anatomy of construction project delays in the State of Qatar. Middle Eastern Journal of Development Management, 1(1), 92–117.
Chown, J., Conzon, V., Beckman, C., Cardinal, L. B., Valentine, M., Cameron, L., Chown, J., Clement, J., Conzon, V., Gaba, V., & Rahman, H. A. (2020). Organizational control: New perspectives and future directions. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.11972symposium
Chang, T., Deng, X., & Hwang, B. G. (2019). Investigating political risk paths in international high-speed railway projects: The case of Chinese international contractors. Sustainability, 11(15), Article 4157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154157
Cheah, J.-H., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Ramayah, T., & Ting, H. (2018). Convergent validity assessment of formatively measured constructs in PLS-SEM: On using single-item versus multi-item measures in redundancy analyses. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(11), 3192–3210. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2017-0649
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 655–690). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Durdyev, S., & Hosseini, M. R. (2020). Causes of delays on construction projects: A comprehensive list. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 13(1), 20–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-09-2018-0178
Edubirdie. (2022, August 25). Positive risk and its examples. https://edubirdie.com/examples/positive-risk-and-its-examples/
El-Sayegh, S. M., Manjikian, S., Ibrahim, A., Abouelyousr, A., & Jabbour, R. (2021). Risk identification and assessment in sustainable construction projects in the UAE. International Journal of Construction Management, 21(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1536963
Everitt, J. (2022, June 3). What are positive risks in project management? https://www.wrike.com/blog/what-are-positive-risks-in-project-management/#What-is-a-positive-risk
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Gain, H., Mishra, K., & Aithal, P. S. (2022). Risk management practice adopted in road construction project. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences, 7(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5885986
Hair, Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hamid, W. J., & Waterman, A. (2018). Analysis of the main causes of cost overruns in construction industry in developing countries and the UK. International Review of Civil Engineering, 9(3), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v9i3.14525
Hamilton, D. F., Ghert, M., & Simpson, A. H. (2015). Interpreting regression models in clinical outcome studies. Bone & Joint Research, 4(9), 152–153. https://doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.49.2000571
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. New Challenges to International Marketing, 20, 277–319. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
Hossain, M. A., Raiymbekov, D., Nadeem, A., & Kim, J. R. (2022). Delay causes in Kazakhstan’s construction projects and remedial measures. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(5), 801–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1647635
Ikediashi, D. I., Ogunlana, S. O., & Alotaibi, A. (2014). Analysis of project failure factors for infrastructure projects in Saudi Arabia: A multivariate approach. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 19(1), 35–52.
Inmyxai, S., & Takahashi, Y. (2009). Firm resources and business performance in the Lao PDR: Implications for SMEs in the LDC context. Journal of Indian Business Research, 1(2/3), 163–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554190911005345
Jussila, J., & Lähtinen, K. (2020). Effects of institutional practices on delays in construction – views of Finnish homebuilder families. Housing Studies, 35(7), 1167–1193. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2019.1651831
Kamal, A., Abas, M., Khan, D., & Azfar, R. W. (2022). Risk factors influencing the building projects in Pakistan: From perspective of contractors, clients and consultants. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(6), 1141–1157. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1683693
Kamasak, R. (2017). The contribution of tangible and intangible resources, and capabilities to a firm’s profitability and market performance. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(2), 252–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-015
Kassem, M. A., Khoiry, M. A., & Ham, N. (2020). Assessment of the effect of external risk factors on the success of an oil and gas construction project. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(9), 2767–2793. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-10-2019-0573
Kassem, M. A., Khoiry, M. A., & Hamzah, N. (2019). Risk factors in oil and gas construction projects in developing countries: A case study. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 13(4), 846–861. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-11-2018-0002
Khalifa, W. M., & Mahamid, I. (2019). Causes of change orders in construction projects. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 9(6), 4956–4961. https://www.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3168
Khodeir, L. M., & Nabawy, M. (2019). Identifying key risks in infrastructure projects – Case study of Cairo Festival City project in Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10(3), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2018.11.003
Larsen, J. K., Shen, G. Q., Lindhard, S. M., & Brunoe, T. D. (2016). Factors affecting schedule delay, cost overrun, and quality level in public construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000391
Leavy, P. (2017). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and community-based participatory research approaches (1st ed.). The Guilford Press.
Lewis-Beck, C., & Lewis-Beck, M. (2016). Applied regression: An introduction (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483396774
Lin, C. L., & Chen, B. K. (2021). Research for risk management of construction projects in Taiwan. Sustainability, 13(4), Article 2034. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042034
Mathar, H., Assaf, S., Hassanain, M. A., Abdallah, A., & Sayed, A. M. Z. (2020). Critical success factors for large building construction projects: Perception of consultants and contractors. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(3), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-07-2019-0057
Michalos, A. C. (2014). Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Spinger. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5
Mohamadi, F. (2021). Risks definition and analysis. In Introduction to project finance in renewable energy infrastructure (pp. 105–120). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68740-3_8
Mpofu, B., Ochieng, E. G., Moobela, C., & Pretorius, A. (2017). Profiling causative factors leading to construction project delays in the United Arab Emirates. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(2), 346–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-05-2015-0072
Mubarak, Husin, S., & Oktaviati, M. (2017). External risk factors affecting construction costs. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1903(1), Article 110005. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011631
Nawaz, A., Waqar, A., Shah, S. A. R., Sajid, M., & Khalid, M. I. (2019). An innovative framework for risk management in construction projects in developing countries: Evidence from Pakistan. Risks, 7(1), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks7010024
Omer, M. S., Nawi, M. N. M., Adeleke, A. Q., Panda, S., Harun, A., & Salameh, A. A. (2021). Analysis of organizational internal factors influencing construction risk management among construction industries. Productivity Management, 26(1), 106–128.
Panthi, K., Waller, L., & Ahmed, S. M. (2021). Residential construction risk management: Does it happen in real life? In S. M. Ahmed, P. Hampton, S. Azhar, & A. D. Saul (Eds.), Collaboration and integration in construction, engineering, management and technology. Advances in science, technology & innovation (pp. 465–470). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48465-1_77
Prasad, K. V., Vasugi, V., Venkatesan, R., & Bhat, N. S. (2019). Critical causes of time overrun in Indian construction projects and mitigation measures. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 15(3), 216–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2018.1499569
Qazi, A., Daghfous, A., & Khan, M. (2021). Impact of risk attitude on risk, opportunity, and performance assessment of construction projects. Project Management Journal, 52(2), 192–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972820985673
Rahman, I. A., Al-Emad, N., & Nagapan, S. (2016). Projects delay factors of Saudi Arabia construction industry using PLS-SEM path modelling approach. MATEC Web of Conferences, 81, Article 07001. https://www.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20168107001
Ratnaningsih, A., Dhokhikah, Y., & Fitria, A. (2018, June). Hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment on high-rise building construction project. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1977(1), Article 020014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5042870
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2021). Moderating role of government acts, laws and policies between team competency and skills and construction risk management among KSA contractors. International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management, 11(2), 144–165. https://ijcscm.com/menu-script/index.php/ijcscm/article/view/78/71
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2022a). Role of government acts, laws and policies between effective communication and construction risk management. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 6(2), 1–22.
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2022b). Investigating the relationship between active leadership and construction risk management among contractors in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Surveying, Construction and Property, 13, 34–51. https://doi.org/10.22452/jscp.sp2022no1.4
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2022c). Moderation role of government policies, laws and acts between cultural factors and risk management among Saudi Arabian contractors. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 16(1), 69–94. http://sbbwu.edu.pk/journal/Spring2022-Vol.16-No.1/5.%20Moderation%20role%20of%20government%20policies%20laws%20and%20Acts%20between%20cultural.pdf
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2022d). Role of governmental regulatory controlling procedures between political hazards and risk management. European Project Management Journal, 12(2), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.56889/owua8196
Rehman, M. A., & Ishak, M. S. B. (2023). Moderation role of government acts, laws and policies between economic factors and risk management: A case study of Saudi Arabia contractors. Journal of Project Management, 8(4), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.jpm.2023.8.001
Rigdon, E. E. (2012). Rethinking partial least squares path modeling: In praise of simple methods. Long Range Planning, 45(5–6), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.010
Rönkkö, M., & Cho, E. (2022). An updated guideline for assessing discriminant validity. Organizational Research Methods, 25(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428120968614
Sahib, A. A., Mohammed, A., Shaker, R. M., Ali, M. H., Ahmed, M. D., & Shannan, M. A. A. (2022). The relationship among team skills and competencies, construction risk management and supply chain performance with moderating effect of government laws acts, and policies: A study from Iraq construction contractors. International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 127–146. https://ijcscm.com/menu-script/index.php/ijcscm/article/view/120
Salhi, R., & Messaoudi, K. (2021). The effects of delays in Algerian construction projects: An empirical study. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports, 31(2), 218–254. https://www.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0027
Santoso, D., & Gallage, P. (2020). Critical factors affecting the performance of large construction projects in developing countries: A case study of Sri Lanka. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 18(3), 531–556. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-05-2019-0130
Sarder, M. D. (2020). Logistics transportation systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-04218-0
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Handbook of market research (pp. 587–632). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Smith, D., Reams, R., & Hair, J. F. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A useful tool for family business researchers. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.01.002
Seddeeq, A. B., Assaf, S., Abdallah, A., & Hassanain, M. A. (2019). Time and cost overrun in the Saudi Arabian oil and gas construction industry. Buildings, 9(2), Article 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9020041
Selya, A. S., Rose, J. S., Dierker, L. C., Hedeker, D., & Merme, R. J. (2012). A practical guide to calculating Cohen’s f2, a measure of local effect size, from PROC MIXED. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00111
Sharma, S., & Gupta, A. K. (2020). Identification and management of risk in building and infrastructure projects. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management, 10(2), 1–9. https://www.doi.org/10.37591/jocetm.v10i2.3951
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; how to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18–27. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205035
Taherdoost, H. (2021). A review on risk management in information systems: Risk policy, control and fraud detection. Electronics, 10(24), Article 3065. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243065
Vacanas, Y., & Danezis, C. (2021). An overview of the risk of delay in Cyprus construction industry. International Journal of Construction Management, 21(4), 369–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1541703
Walker, A. (2015). Project management in construction (6th ed.). Wiley.
Walter, J., Kreutzer, M., Cardinal, L. B., & Miller, C. C. (2021). Moving with the times: A new perspective on organizational control. Academy of Management Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2021.13489abstract
Wibowo, M. A., Hatmoko, J. U., & Nurdiana, A. (2018). Risk management in Indonesia construction project: A case study of a toll road project. In C. F. Oudouza (Ed.), Risk management treatise for engineering practitioners (pp. 121–138). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79457
Yap, J. B., Goay, P. L., Woo, Y. B., & Skitmore, M. (2021). Revisiting critical delay factors for construction: Analysing projects in Malaysia. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 60(1), 1717–1729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2020.11.021
Zhou, S., & Yang, P. (2020). Risk management in distributed wind energy implementing analytic hierarchy process. Renewable Energy, 150, 616–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.125
Zhang, S., Sunindijo, R. Y., Loosemore, M., Wang, S., Gu, Y., & Li, H. (2021). Identifying critical factors influencing the safety of Chinese subway construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 28(7), 1863–1886. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2020-0525
Zhao, X. (2022). Evolution of construction risk management research: Historiography and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-09-2022-0853
Zidane, Y., & Andersen, B. (2018). Causes of delay and their cures in major Norwegian Projects. Journal of Modern Project Management, 5(3), 80–91.