Share:


Explanatory factors of local waste management in Morocco: a territorial and organizational approach

    Mohammed Sadik   Affiliation
    ; Yousra Chnigri   Affiliation
    ; Hamid Slimani   Affiliation

Abstract

Purpose – The aim of this article is to specify the determining factors behind the decision to adopt either an internal or external means of the household waste management service in Moroccan local authorities (LAs), particularly in the “communes”.


Research methodology – The methodology applied is quantitative, based on a questionnaire addressed by e-mail to 115 “Communes”. The SPSS 25 software was used to analyze the result of the logistic regression.


Results – Our findings show that socio-territorial factors do not have a significant influence upon the choice of a local waste management service delivery mode, while organizational and institutional factors, particularly financial resources, do influence this choice. Local authorities with better financial resources tend to rely less on in-house solid waste management services.


Research limitations – Methodological limitations such as sample size and a lack of reliable data on public service delivery, may be overcome in an exploratory study by using a qualitative method (interviews, case studies).


Practical implications – Our study sheds light on the factors explaining the development of public service management methods as well as testing proposals favoring the effective use of management techniques in the local context.


Originality/Value – The originality of our study lies in its quantitative investigation of waste management service delivery mode in Moroccan local authorities emphasizing the role of financial resources and distinguishing itself from previous research by finding that socio-territorial factors do not significantly affect this choice.

Keyword : waste management, public services, determinants, local authorities

How to Cite
Sadik, M., Chnigri, Y., & Slimani, H. (2023). Explanatory factors of local waste management in Morocco: a territorial and organizational approach. Business, Management and Economics Engineering, 21(1), 140–168. https://doi.org/10.3846/bmee.2023.18828
Published in Issue
May 29, 2023
Abstract Views
649
PDF Downloads
533
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Amrani, N., Sadik, M., Chnigri, Y., Hemmi, M., Slimani, H., & Skačkauskienė, I. (2022). Toward value creation in local authorities: the role of information and communication technologies. Business, Management and Economics Engineering, 20(2), 358–388. https://doi.org/10.3846/bmee.2022.17526

Amrani, N., Sadik, M., & Hemmi, M. (2021). Gouvernance des collectivités territoriales au Maroc: une approche prospective à la lumière des expériences internationales. Alternatives Managériales Economiques, 3, 144–165. https://doi.org/10.48374/IMIST.PRSM/AME-V3I1.24893

Andrews, R., Boyne, G. A., & Walker, R. M. (2006). Strategy content and organizational performance: An empirical analysis. Public Administration Review, 66(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00555.x

Andrews, R., & Van de Walle, S. (2013). New public management and citizens’ perceptions of local service efficiency, responsiveness, equity and effectiveness. Public Management Review, 15(5), 762–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.725757

Argento, D., Grossi, G., Tagesson, T., & Collin, S. O. (2010). The “externalisation” of local public service delivery: Experience in Italy and Sweden. International Journal of Public Policy, 5(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2010.029780

Azon, A. T. (2012). Impact des Facteurs de Contexte sur le Design des Systèmes de Contrôle de Gestion dans les Collectivités Locales Béninoises: Une Approche Contingente. Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Europe & Université de Liège.

Baumard, P., Donada, C., Ibert, J., & Xuereb, J.-M. (2014). La collecte des données et la gestion de leurs sources. In Les méthodes de recherche en management (4e éd.). Dunod. https://doi.org/10.3917/dunod.thiet.2014.01.0261

Bel, G., & Fageda, X. (2008). Reforming the local public sector: Economics and politics in privatization of water and solid waste. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 11(1), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870802134884

Bel, G., Fageda, X., & Warner, M. (2014). What happened to costs savings from privatization ? A meta-regression analysis for solid waste and water services. Journal of Economic Literature, 1–21.

Bel, G., Fageda, X., & Warner, M. E. (2010). Is private production of public services cheaper than public production? A meta‐regression analysis of solid waste and water services. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29(3), 553–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20509

Bel, G., & Gradus, R. (2018). Privatisation, contracting-out and inter-municipal cooperation: New developments in local public service delivery. Local Government Studies, 44(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2017.1403904

Bel, G., & Warner, M. E. (2016). Factors explaining inter-municipal cooperation in service delivery: A meta-regression analysis. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 19(2), 91–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2015.1100084

Bel, G., & Warner, M. E. (2015). Factors explaining inter-municipal cooperation in service delivery: A meta-regression analysis (IREA–Working Papers, 2015, IR15/21). Research Institute of Applied Economics.

Bouba-Olga, O., Chauchefoin, P., & Sauvent, A. (2008). Les contraintes cognitives, déterminant essentiel du choix du mode de gestion de l’eau. Revue d’économie industrielle, 124, 7–22. https://doi.org/10.4000/rei.3932

Bovaird, T., Stoker, G., Jones, T., Loeffler, E., & Pinilla Roncancio, M. (2016). Promouvoir la coproduction collective des services publics: Comment encourager les citoyens à participer à des mécanismes de gouvernance complexes au Royaume-Uni. Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives, 82(1), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.3917/risa.821.0053

Box, R. C., Marshall, G. S., Reed, B. J., & Reed, C. M. (2001). New public management and substantive democracy. Public Administration Review, 61(5), 608–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00131

Boyne, G., & Walker, R. M. (2005). Introducing the “Determinants of Performance in Public Organizations” Symposium. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15, 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui029

Brown, T. L., & Potoski, M. (2003). Managing contract performance: A transaction costs approach. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 22(2), 275–297. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.10117

Burns, T., & Stalker, G. M. (1961). Mechanistic and organic systems. In A. M. Huberman & M. B. Miles (Eds.), Classics of Organizational Theory (pp. 209-214). Routledge.

Campagnac, É. (2009). Evaluer les partenariats public-privé en Europe. Presses de l’Ecole nationale des ponts et chaussées.

Campagnac, É., & Deffontaines, G. (2012). A critical socioeconomic analysis of PPPs. Revue d’economie industrielle, 140(4), 45–79. https://doi.org/10.4000/rei.5474

Carassus, D., Favoreu, C., Gardey, D., & Maurel, C. (2014). Les déterminants de l’adoption et de la mise en œuvre d’un management par la performance: Application aux collectivités locales françaises. Finance Contrôle Stratégie, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.4000/fcs.1445

Choudhury, E. H. (2007). Workforce planning in small local governments. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 27(3), 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X06297464

Coase, R. H. (1995). The nature of the firm. In Essential readings in economics (pp. 37–54). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24002-9_3

Currie, G., Grubnic, S., & Hodges, R. (2011). Leadership in public services networks: Antecedents, process and outcome. Public Administration, 89(2), 242–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01931.x

Damanpour, F., & Schneider, M. (2006). Phases of the adoption of innovation in organizations: Effects of environment, organization and top managers. British Journal of Management, 17(3), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00498.x

Damanpour, F., & Schneider, M. (2009). Characteristics of innovation and innovation adoption in public organizations: Assessing the role of managers. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(3), 495–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mun021

DeLeon, L., & Denhardt, R. B. (2000). The political theory of reinvention. Public Administration Review, 60(2), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00068

Denhardt, R. B., & Denhardt, J. V. (2003). The new public service: An approach to reform. International Review of Public Administration, 8(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2003.10805013

DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101

Divay, G. (2019a). Les proximités du milieu de la vie. In Le management municipal Tome 1 Un gouvernement de proximité? Presses de l’Université du Québec. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvb7kzp

Divay, G. (2019b). Les spécificités municipale et ses enjeux de management public. In Le management municipal Tome 1 Un gouvernement de proximité? Presse Universitaire du Québec. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvb7kzp

Divay, G., & Caron, L. (2019). L’interface politico-administrative ou la vie d’un duo biculturel. In Le management municipal Tome 1 Un gouvernement de proximité? Presses de l’université du Québec. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvb7kzp.11

Divay, G., & Charbonneau, É. (2019a). La double fonction de production organisationnelle et collective. In Le management municipal Tome 1 Un gouvernement de proximité? Presses de l’Université du Québec.

Divay, G., & Charbonneau, É. (2019b). Le management public sur mesure municipale. In Le management municipal: Un gouvernement de proximité tome I. Presse Universitaire du Québec. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvb7kzp

Dreyfus, M., Töller, A. E., Iannello, C., & McEldowney, J. (2010). Comparative study of a local service: Waste management in France, Germany, Italy and the UK. In The provision of public services in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849807227.00014

Dunleavy, P., & Hood, C. (1994). From old public administration to new public management. Public Money & Management, 14(3), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540969409387823

El kouhen, M., & Benchekara, M. (2021). Les déterminants économiques des modes de gouvernance des services publics au Maroc: Cas du secteur de l’eau potable. International Journal of Business and Technology Studies and Research, 3(1), 17.

Elrabaya, D., & Marchenko, V. (2022). The influence of organizational and economic methods of household waste management on the volumes and structure of its formation: The experience of the Netherlands. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3(13(117)), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.259721

Favoreu, C., Maurel, C., Carassus, D., & Marin, P. (2019). Influence and complementarity of follow-on managerial innovations within a public organization. Public Organization Review, 19(3), 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-018-0411-0

Feldman, M. S., & Khademian, A. M. (2001). Principles for public management practice: From dichotomies to interdependence. Governance, 14(3), 339–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00164

Ferran, J. M., & Puey, E. P. (2016). Delivery of municipal services in Spain: An uncertain picture. In Public and social services in Europe (pp. 119–134). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57499-2_9

Fliegel, F. C., & Kivlin, J. E. (1966). Attributes of innovations as factors in diffusion. American Journal of Sociology, 72(3), 235–248. https://doi.org/10.1086/224292

General Directorate of Local Authorities in Morocco. (2022). Patterns of Management of Local Public Utilities (Report). https://www.collectivites-territoriales.gov.ma

Ghertman, M. (2003). Oliver Williamson et la théorie des coûts de transaction. Revue française de gestion, 142(1), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.3166/rfg.142.43-64

Gradus, R., Dijkgraaf, E., & Wassenaar, M. (2014). Understanding mixed forms of refuse collection, privatization, and its reverse in the Netherlands. International Public Management Journal, 17(3), 328–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2014.935237

Guenoun, M., & Turc, E. (2009). Gestion intercommunale des services publics locaux: Indicateurs de performance, outils de pilotage et émergence des comparaisons intercommunales. Gestion et Management Publics, 7.

Guirou, C. (2016). Choisir un mode de gestion: L’importance des croyances. Gestion et management public, 4(2), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.3917/gmp.042.0045

Haut Commissariat aux Plans. (2022). Recensement général de la Population et de l’Habitat (Report). https://www.hcp.ma/Recensement-general-RGPH_r518.html

Hefetz, A., & Warner, M. (2004). Privatization and its reverse: Explaining the dynamics of the government contracting process. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 14(2), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muh012

Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Ireland, R. D. (1990). Mergers and acquisitions and managerial commitment to innovation in M-form firms. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 29–47.

Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x

Hood, C. (2011). The ashgate research companion to new public management – By Tom Christensen and Per Laegreid: book reviews. Governance, 24(4), 737–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2011.01547_1.x

Hood, C. (2014). Accountability and blame–avoidance. In The Oxford handbook of public accountability. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641253.013.0007

Johansson, T., & Siverbo, S. (2009). Explaining the utilization of relative performance evaluation in local government: a multi-theoretical study using data from Sweden. Financial Accountability & Management, 25(2), 197–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.2009.00474.x

Kearney, R. C., Feldman, B. M., & Scavo, C. P. (2000). Reinventing government: City manager attitudes and actions. Public Administration Review, 60(6), 535–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00116

Levin, J., & Tadelis, S. (2010). Contracting for government services: Theory and evidence from US cities. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 58(3), 507–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6451.2010.00430.x

Lorino, P. (1999). A la recherche de la valeur perdue: Construire les processus créateurs de valeur dans le secteur public. Politiques et management public, 17(2), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.3406/pomap.1999.2228

Lüder, K. (2002). Research in comparative governmental accounting over the last decade – Achievements and problems. In V. Montesinos & J. M. Vela (Eds.), Innovations in governmental accounting. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5504-6_1

Malmi, T. (1997). Towards explaining activity-based costing failure: Accounting and control in a decentralized organization. Management Accounting Research, 8(4), 459–480. https://doi.org/10.1006/mare.1997.0057

McEldowney, J. (2016). Delivering public services in the United Kingdom in a period of austerity. In Public and social services in Europe (pp. 41–54). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57499-2_4

Mikuła, Ł., & Walaszek, M. (2016). The evolution of local public service provision in Poland. In H. Wollmann, I. Koprić, & G. Marcou (Eds.), Public and social services in Europe (pp. 169–183). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57499-2_12

Mintrom, M. (2003). Market organizations and deliberative democracy: Choice and voice in public service delivery. Administration & Society, 35(1), 52–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399702250346

Mirrlees, J. A. (1972). On producer taxation. The Review of Economic Studies, 39(1), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/2296447

Moon, M. J., & DeLeon, P. (2001). Municipal reinvention: Managerial values and diffusion among municipalities. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 11(3), 327–352. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003505

Nemec, J., & Soukopová, J. (2016). Mixed system: Transformation and current trends in the provision of local public services in the Czech and Slovak Republics. in H. Wollmann, I. Koprić, & G. Marcou (Eds.), Public and social services in Europe (pp. 151–168). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57499-2_11

Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kutner, M. H. (1985). Applied linear statistical models: Regression. Analysis of Variance, and Experimental Designs, 1(985), 382–393.

Niskanen, W. A. (1979). Competition among government bureaus. American Behavioral Scientist, 22(5), 517–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276427902200505

Nord, W. R., & Tucker, S. (1987). Implementing routine and radical innovations. Free Press.

Oates, W. E. (1972). Fiscal federalism. Books.

Olson, M. (1969). The principle of “fiscal equivalence”: The division of responsibilities among different levels of government. The American Economic Review, 59(2), 479–487.

Osborne, S. P., Radnor, Z., & Strokosch, K. (2016). Co-production and the co-creation of value in public services: A suitable case for treatment? Public Management Review, 18(5), 639–653. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1111927

Osborne, S. P., & Strokosch, K. (2013). It takes two to tango? Understanding the Co-production of Public Services by Integrating the Services Management and Public Administration Perspectives. British Journal of Management, 24, S31–S47. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12010

Pérez-López, G., Prior, D., & Zafra-Gómez, J. L. (2015). Rethinking new public management delivery forms and efficiency: Long-Term effects in Spanish Local Government. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(4), 1157–1183. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muu088

Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (2003). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Stanford University Press.

Poister, T. H., & Streib, G. D. (1999). Strategic management in the public sector: Concepts, models, and processes. Public Productivity & Management Review, 22(3), 308–325. https://doi.org/10.2307/3380706

Pollitt, C., & Bouckaert, G. (2004). Public management reform: A comparative analysis. Oxford University Press.

Powell, W. W., & DiMaggio, P. J. (2012). The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press.

Reichard, C. (2006). Strengthening competitiveness of local public service providers in Germany. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 72(4), 473–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852306070079

Rivera, M. D., Streib, G., & Willoughby, K. G. (2000). Reinventing government in council-manager cities: Examining the role of city managers. Public Performance & Management Review, 24(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.2307/3381263

Rodrigues, M., Tavares, A. F., & Araújo, J. F. (2012). Municipal service delivery: The role of transaction costs in the choice between alternative governance mechanisms. Local Government Studies, 38(5), 615–638. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2012.666211

Sadik, M., Amrani, N., & Slimani, H. (2021). La performance publique territoriale à l’aune de la LOLF: cas d’une commune urbaine marocaine. International Journal of Business and Technology Studies and Research, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4699370

Saussier, S., & Tirole, J. (2015). Strengthening the efficiency of public procurement. Notes du conseil danalyse economique, 22(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3917/ncae.022.0001

Sønderskov, M., & Rønning, R. (2021). Public service logic: An appropriate recipe for improving serviceness in the public sector? Administrative Sciences, 11(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11030064

Stein, R. M. (1990). Urban alternatives: Public and private markets in the provision of local services. University of Pittsburgh Press.

Tornatzky, L. G., & Klein, K. J. (1982). Innovation characteristics and innovation adoption-implementation: A meta-analysis of findings. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1, 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.1982.6447463

Torres, L., & Pina, V. (2002). Delivering public services–mechanisms and consequences: changes in public service delivery in the EU countries. Public Money & Management, 22(4), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9302.00328

Verdier, A., Martinez, S., & Hoorens, D. (2004). Local public companies in the 25 countries of the European Union (Dexia Ed.).

Walker, R. M., Damanpour, F., & Devece, C. A. (2011). Management innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of performance management. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21(2), 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muq043

Walsh, K. (1995). Public services and market mechanisms: Competition, contracting and the new public management. Macmillan.

Warner, M. E., & Clifton, J. (2014). Marketisation, public services and the city: The potential for Polanyian counter movements. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 7(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rst028

Warner, M., & Hefetz, A. (2008). Managing markets for public service: The role of mixed public–private delivery of city services. Public Administration Review, 68(1), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00845.x

Warner, M., & Hefetz, A. (2003). Rural–urban differences in privatization: Limits to the competitive state. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 21(5), 703–718. https://doi.org/10.1068/c008r

Wassenaar, M., Groot, T., & Gradus, R. (2013). Municipalities’ contracting out decisions: An empirical study on motives. Local Government Studies, 39(3), 414–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2013.778830

Weitz, E., & Shenhaav, Y. (2000). A longitudinal analysis of technical and organizational uncertainty in management theory. Organization Studies, 21(1), 243–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840600211005

Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource‐based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207

Wettenhall, R. (2001). Public or private? Public corporations, companies and the decline of the middle ground. Public Organization Review, 1, 17–40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011516927634

Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institutions of capitalism. New York Free Press.

Williamson, O. E. (1989). Transaction cost economics. Handbook of Industrial Organization, 1, 135–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-448X(89)01006-X

Wolfe, R. A. (1994). Organizational innovation: Review, critique and suggested research directions. Journal of Management Studies, 31(3), 405–431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1994.tb00624.x

Wollmann, H. (2004). Local government reforms in Great Britain, Sweden, Germany and France: Between multi-function and single-purpose organisations. Local Government Studies, 30(4), 639–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/0300393042000318030

Zahed, M. (2017). La démarche de performance dans la gestion locale: Les collectivités territoriales face aux défis de la nouvelle gouvernance. L’Harmattan.